摘要整理《民国日报》（1916—1949）上与天花相关的史料，对其中记载的天花流行情况、诊治方法、社会应对措施进行浅析。报纸上涉及的天花别名众多，名称多与其所表现的症状和流行性有关。在《民国日报》的记录中，每年均有天花流行，其中有6次较严重的暴发，分别在1918年、1921—1922年、1926年、1929—1930年、1932—1936年、1946年。冬春季为天花流行严重的季节。报上所载天花病程一般分作起病、发疹、灌浆、落痂4期，中医药治疗以清热解毒为主，或参以温补。

abstractsThis paper attends to examine the historical materials related to smallpox in the Republic of China Daily from 1916 to 1949, in terms of the prevalence of smallpox, diagnosis and treatment, and societal responses recorded. It was found that smallpox had many different names recorded in the newspaper, and most of them related to the symptoms and the epidemic features. It was reported that smallpox, as an epidemic, occurred almost every year from 1916 to 1949. Among them, six serious outbreaks happened in 1918, 1921-1922, 1926, 1929-1930, 1932-1936, and 1946. It was found that smallpox was prevalent in winter and spring with its symptoms in the four periods: onset, rash, pustulation, and decrustation. Its treatment focused on clearing heat (Qing Re) and detoxification or warming and tonifying (Wen Bu) with traditional Chinese medicine.