摘要目的:通过研究近3年国家基金委查处学术不端案件的特点规律，探讨针对性加强医院科研管理和防范学术不端问题的对策。方法:以2019—2021年国家基金委公开通报的6批次67例学术不端案例数据为研究对象，对涉案依托单位情况、学术不端问题具体类型和基金委惩戒处理措施等进行分类统计，根据学术不端问题频次占比，分析归纳其倾向性特点规律和原因，提出对策建议。结果:96.36%的学术不端主体责任是个人，依托单位主体责任仅占3.63%。因科学论文和申请书学术不端共62起，占92.50%。涉及的问题论文中，数据造假占48.20%，署名不实或擅署他人占35.97%，抄袭剽窃占32.37%，擅标他人基金号占27.33%。国家基金委共撤销涉案基金项目55项并追回资金，67人次被取消最高7年、最低2年的项目申请资格，2名评审专家受惩处。结论:医院科研管理应吸取他人教训，有针对性地从加强科研诚信教育、完善监督机制建设、严格落实过程管理和健全科研信用评价体系等方面提出具体的对策，以期为在医院科研管理实践中防范此类问题提供有益启示。

abstractsObjective:To explore the countermeasures to strengthen hospital scientific research management and prevent research misconduct by studying the characteristics of research misconduct cases investigated by the NSFC in recent three years.Methods:Information of a total number of 67 research misconduct cases in 6 batches that publicly reported by the NSFC from 2019 to 2021 were collected, classified statistics were conducted on the situation of the supporting units involved, the specific issues of Misconduct and the disciplinary measures of the NSFC. According to the frequency proportion of misconduct problems, the tendency characteristics and reasons were analyzed and summarized, countermeasures and suggestions were put forward.Results:96.36% of the main responsibility entity of research misconduct was individuals, and 3.63% of the main responsibility of relying institution. There were 62 cases of research misconduct due to scientific papers and applications, accounted for 92.50%. Among the problematic papers involved, data fraud accounted for 48.20%, false signature or unauthorized signature accounted for 35.97%, plagiarism accounted for 32.37%, and unauthorized marking of other people′s fund number accounted for 27.33%. The NSFC revoked 55 fund projects involved and recovered funds, 67 people were disqualified from applying for projects with a maximum of 7 years and a minimum of 2 years, and 2 peer-review experts were punished.Conclusion:Hospital scientific research management should draw lessons from others, and put forward specific countermeasures from the aspects of strengthening scientific research integrity education, improving the construction of supervision mechanism, strictly implementing process management and perfecting scientific research credit evaluation system, in order to provide possible reference for preventing misconduct in hospital scientific research management practice.