摘要遗传学研究进入后基因组时代以来，语言障碍的高遗传度已被证实。多种基因相关疾病均可能导致成人或儿童表现出不同程度的语言障碍。综述探讨了近十年来发现的较为常见的语言障碍疾病及其生物学机制，梳理了阅读障碍、额颞叶变性、特定型语言障碍、儿童言语失用症等与语言障碍密切相关的单一疾病的基因研究，以及对多种疾病共同的基因的探讨，以期揭示语言障碍的基因关联或致病机理，为语言障碍的预防及诊疗提供线索。

abstractsSince genetic research entered the post-genomic era, the high heritability of language disorders has been confirmed. A variety of genetic-related diseases may cause various types of language disorders in children and/or adults. This article has summarized language disorders and their underlying mechanisms by searching the Web of Science database over the last decade, and combed the genetic researches for dyslexia, frontotemporal degeneration, specific language disorder, childhood speech apraxia and other single diseases that are strongly associated with the language disorders. It also provided a discussion over the co-occurrence of multiple diseases, with an aim to revealing the genetic association and/or pathogenetic mechanism in order to provide inspiration for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of language disorders.