摘要食管癌是世界范围内常见的恶性肿瘤之一。中国是食管癌高发区，无论发病人数和死亡人数均占全世界一半以上。欧美国家食管癌的病理类型以腺癌为主，而中国以鳞癌为主，两者有着不同的发病机制和生物学特性，因此诊治方法也不尽相同。尽管中国在食管癌的早期诊断、外科手术及综合治疗等方面取得了令世人瞩目的成绩，但其远期疗效长期处于平台期，可切除的食管癌患者平均5年生存率徘徊在30％左右，仍然存在地区间和医院间诊治设备、技术水平参差不齐的状况。本文就国内外食管癌治疗的现状和存在的问题进行了分析，旨在探讨精准医学时代食管癌临床治疗的发展方向。

abstractsEsophageal cancer ( EC) is one of the most common malignant tumors around the world and has a high incidence in China. Chinese EC patients account for more than 50% in the world. The pathological subtype of EC shows a geographic distribution. Adenocarcinoma is the main pathological type in western countries, while squamous cell carcinoma is the dominant subtype in China. Thus specific diagnosis and treatment of EC are needed for Chinese patients. Although early diagnosis, progress in surgery and comprehensive treatment of EC have made remarkable achievements in China in recent years, yet the prognosis for resectable EC patients remains poor, with a 5?year survival of 30%. In addition, as the level of treatment varies significantly in different regions and centers around China, the current status of treatment for EC needs further improvement. This article reviews the advances in the treatment for EC in recent years, analyzes the present problems, and explores the perspective of the progress in esophageal cancer treatment in the era of precision medicine.