摘要目的:根据全国肿瘤登记中心收集的肿瘤登记数据，估计2022年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况。方法:纳入700个肿瘤登记处的2018年数据和106个登记处的2010—2018年数据，采用年龄-时期-队列模型，按性别、城乡分层，估计2022年总体及23类主要恶性肿瘤的中国人口年龄标准化发病率（中标发病率）和死亡率（中标死亡率）。结合2022年人口数据，估计2022年中国恶性肿瘤发病和死亡例数。结果:2022年中国恶性肿瘤新发病例估计为482.47万（男性253.39万，女性229.08万），中标发病率为208.58/10万（男性212.67/10万，女性208.08/10万）。城市地区恶性肿瘤新发病例约290.39万，中标发病率为212.95/10万；农村地区192.08万，中标发病率为199.65/10万。发病例数前5位的恶性肿瘤（肺癌106.06万，结直肠癌51.71万，甲状腺癌46.61万，肝癌36.77万，女性乳腺癌35.72万）占全部新发病例的57.4%。2022年中国恶性肿瘤死亡病例估计为257.42万（男性162.93万，女性94.49万），中标死亡率为97.08/10万（男性127.70/10万，女性68.67/10万）。城市地区恶性肿瘤死亡病例约140.06万，中标死亡率为92.37/10万；农村地区117.34万，中标死亡率为103.97/10万。死亡例数前5位的恶性肿瘤（肺癌73.33万，肝癌31.65万，胃癌26.04万，结直肠癌24.00万，食管癌18.75万）占全部死亡病例的67.5%。肺癌居男、女恶性肿瘤发病和死亡首位，城市地区恶性肿瘤发病率高于农村地区，死亡率低于农村地区。结论:中国恶性肿瘤疾病负担存在性别、城乡和地区差异，总体呈现发达国家与发展中国家癌谱共存的局面，防控形势严峻。

abstractsObjective:The National Central Cancer Registry estimates the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022, using incidence and mortality data collected by the National Cancer Center.Methods:According to the data of 700 cancer registries in 2018 and the data of 106 cancer registries from 2010 to 2018, the age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the incidence rate and mortality rate of all cancers and 23 types of cancer in 2022, stratified by gender and urban and rural areas. We estimated the number of new cancer cases and deaths in China in 2022 based on the estimated rate and population data in 2022.Results:The estimated results showed that in 2022, there were approximately 4 824 700 new cancer cases in China (2 533 900 in males and 2 290 800 in females), with an age-standardized incidence rate of Chinese population (ASIR) of 208.58 per 100 000 (212.67 per 100 000 for males and 208.08 per 100 000 for females). Approximately 2 903 900 new cancer cases occurred in urban areas, with an ASIR of 212.95 per 100 000. It was estimated about 1 920 800 new cancer cases in rural areas, and the ASIR was 199.65 per 100 000. The top five cancers (lung cancer 1 060 600, colorectal cancer 517 100, thyroid cancer 466 100, liver cancer 367 700 and female breast cancer 357 200) accounted for 57.4% of all new cases. The estimated number of deaths from cancer in China in 2022 was 2 574 200 (1 629 300 in males and 944 900 in females), with an age-standardized mortality rate of Chinese population (ASMR) of 97.08 per 100 000 (127.70 per 100 000 in males and 68.67 per 100 000 in females). The number of deaths from cancer in urban and rural areas was about 1 400 600 and 1 173 400, with the ASMR of 92.37 and 103.97 per 100 000 in urban and rural areas, respectively. The top five leading cause of cancers death (lung cancer 733 300, liver cancer 316 500, gastric cancer 260 400, colorectal cancer 240 000 and esophageal cancer 187 500) accounted for 67.5% of all cancer deaths. Lung cancer ranked first in the incidence and mortality in men and women. The incidence rate in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas, while the mortality rate was lower than that in rural areas.Conclusions:The burden of cancer in China is still relatively heavy, with significant differences in cancer patterns in gender, urban-rural, and regional. The burden of cancer presents a coexistence of developed and developing countries, and the situation of cancer prevention and control is still serious in China.