摘要目的:根据全国肿瘤登记中心收集的恶性肿瘤登记数据，估计2024年中国恶性肿瘤流行情况。方法:纳入919个肿瘤登记处的2019年肿瘤监测数据和106个登记处的2010—2019年纵向监测数据，采用年龄-时期-队列模型，按性别、城乡分层，估计2024年总体恶性肿瘤及23类主要恶性肿瘤的年龄标化发病率和死亡率。中国人口标化率（中标率）采用2000年中国普查的人口年龄构成计算，世界人口标化率（世标率）采用Segi's世界标准人口年龄构成计算。结合2024年人口数据，估计2024年中国恶性肿瘤发病和死亡例数。结果:2024年中国恶性肿瘤新发病例估计为515.06万（男性267.20万，女性247.86万），世标发病率为207.70/10万（城市地区215.71/10万，农村地区193.74/10万）；死亡病例258.22万（男性164.05万，女性94.17万），世标死亡率为90.90/10万（城市地区87.34/10万，农村地区96.27/10万）。不同性别比较，男女恶性肿瘤标化发病率较为接近，标化死亡率男性是女性的1.9倍。不同地区比较，农村恶性肿瘤粗发病率高于城市，标化发病率低于城市，而粗死亡率和标化死亡率均高于城市。不同癌种中，肺癌居恶性肿瘤发病和死亡首位，新发病例117.59万，死亡74.33万，分别占全部恶性肿瘤的22.8%和28.8%。无论在男性还是女性人群中，农村地区肝癌、胃癌、食管癌的标化发病率和标化死亡率均高于城市地区，城市地区结直肠癌标化发病率和标化死亡率均高于农村地区。子宫颈癌标化发病率和标化死亡率农村高于城市，前列腺癌和乳腺癌疾病负担城市高于农村。在中国不同省（自治区、直辖市）中，肺癌在大部分地区居恶性肿瘤发病和死亡首位，鼻咽癌在广西壮族自治区、广东省、海南省、江西省等地区发病顺位较高，肾癌在北方地区相对高发，前列腺癌在经济较发达的地区相对高发，甲状腺癌在浙江省、福建省和新疆维吾尔自治区发病仅次于肺癌，食管癌和子宫颈癌在北京市、天津市、上海市和广东省的发病顺位明显靠后。结论:中国恶性肿瘤负担总体仍然沉重，不同地区应根据区域肿瘤疾病负担特征，制定精准化防控策略。

abstractsObjective:The National Central Cancer Registry estimates the cancer diseases burden in China in 2024.Methods:We incorporated the surveillance data from 919 cancer registries of year 2019 and the longitudinal surveillance data from 106 registries during 2010 to 2019. We estimated the age-standardized incidence (ASIR) and mortality rates (ASMR) of overall and 23 major cancers in China in 2024 using the age-period-cohort model, stratified by sex and area. The age-standardized incidence (ASIRC) and mortality (ASMRC) rates by Chinese population were calculated based on the age structure of the population from the national census in 2000. The age-standardized incidence (ASIRW) and mortality (ASMRW) rates by World population were calculated using Segi's world standard age structure.Results:In 2024, there were approximately 5 150 600 new cancer cases in China (2 672 000 for males and 2 478 600 for females), with an ASIRW of 207.70 per 100 000 (215.71 per 100 000 in urban areas and 193.74 per 100 000 in rural areas). The estimated number of cancer deaths in China was 2 582 200 (1 640 500 for males and 941 700 for females), with an ASMRW of 90.90 per 100 000 (87.34 per 100 000 in urban areas and 96.27 per 100 000 in rural areas). When comparing between different sexes, the cancer ASIRs for both males and females were relatively close. The ASMRs for males were 1.9 times that of females. When comparing among different areas, the crude cancer incidence rate in rural areas was higher than that in urban areas, while the ASIRs were lower than that in urban areas. Both the crude mortality rate and the ASMRs in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas. Among different cancer types, lung cancer ranked first in terms of both incidence and mortality, with 1 175 900 new cases and 743 300 deaths, accounting for 22.8% and 28.8% of all cancer cases and deaths, respectively. In both males and females, the ASIRs and ASMRs of liver, stomach and esophageal cancer in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas, while the ASIRs and ASMRs of colorectal cancer in urban areas were higher than those in rural areas. The ASIRs and ASMRs of cervical cancer in rural areas were higher than those in urban areas. The disease burden of prostate cancer and breast cancer in urban areas was higher than that in rural areas. The incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer ranked first in most provinces of China. The incidence rate of nasopharyngeal cancer was relatively high in Guangxi, Guangdong, Hainan and Jiangxi. Renal cancer was more prevalent in northern regions, and prostate cancer was more common in economically developed areas. The incidence rate of thyroid cancer ranked second in Zhejiang, Fujian and Xinjiang. The incidence rates of esophageal cancer and cervical cancer were significantly lower in Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai and Guangdong.Conclusions:The overall burden of cancer in China remains significant. Different regions should formulate targeted prevention and control strategies based on the characteristics of regional cancer disease burdens.