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摘要Noble metal nanoparticles have excellentoptical and chemical properties and are widely used in optics,sensors, and biomedicines. The inherent characteristics ofmetal nanoparticles, particularly their size, play important rolesin their applications. The ability to readily measure the size ofsingle nanomaterials on-site is crucial to the rapid development of single-particle sensors. In this study, we developed a facile andreal-time method for estimating the diameter of single gold nanoparticles (GNPs) that range from 35 to 110 nm in diameter; thistechnique uses the chrominance of the GNP’s plasmon resonance scattering light that is captured by a dark-field microscope(DFM). The RGB (three primary colors, red, green, and blue) chrominance information from the dark-field image can bedirectly converted into the diameters of the GNPs using the relationship between the particle size and the scattering light peakwavelength; this conversion was carried out using Matlab program based on an RGB-To-Wavelength (RTW) process. Thisapproach is more convenient, less time-consuming, and enables observation under arbitrary conditions compared to the scanningelectron microscopy (SEM) technique. The differences between the diameters of the GNPs that were calculated using thismethod and those that were measured using SEM were less than 5 nm. The RTW method has also been applied in themonitoring of the refractive index of the media surrounding the GNPs, and their dynamic acting within cells in real-time.