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摘要Cerebral ischemia is a serious neurological disease, and constitutes a major cause of death and disability throughout the world.The pathophysiology of cerebral ischemia is complex, and involves excitotoxicity mechanisms, inflammatory pathways, oxidative damage, ionic imbalances, apoptosis, bloodbrain barrier dysfunction and astrocytic influence on cerebral vessels.The ultimate result of ischemic cascade initiated by acute stroke is neuronal death along with an irreversible loss of neuronal function.The treatment of natural medicine on cerebral ischemic disease has a long history, and has accumulated rich theoretical knowledge and treatment experience.The objective of this review is to critically evaluate the experiment research situation on the protective effect of cerebral ischemia by monomer component of natural medicine, and make emphasis on the major mechanisms underlying cerebral ischemic pathophysiology in recent 10 years.Under the guidance of the syndrome differentiation and treatment of the whole idea, monomer component of natural medicine can protect cerebral ischemia injury linking with pathogenetic mechanisms through multi-channel and multi-target, this is also the advantage of natural medicine.