作者单位:Atrium Hlth, Div Acute Care Surg, FH Sammy Ross Jr Trauma Ctr, Carolinas Med Ctr, Charlotte, NC USA[1]Univ Penn, Dept Anesthesiol & Crit Care, Philadelphia, PA 19104 USA[2]Lahey Hosp & Med Ctr, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Burlington, MA USA[3]Johns Hopkins Univ, Sch Med, Div Pulm & Crit Care Med, Baltimore, MD USA[4]