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Computer simulations show that Neanderthal facial morphology represents adaptation to cold and high energy demands, but not heavy biting.

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第一作者： Stephen,Wroe

第一单位： Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia swroe@une.edu.au.

作者： Stephen,Wroe ^[1] ; William C H,Parr ^[2] ; Justin A,Ledogar ^[3] ; Jason,Bourke ^[4] ; Samuel P,Evans ^[5] ; Luca,Fiorenza ^[6] ; Stefano,Benazzi ^[7] ; Jean-Jacques,Hublin ^[8] ; Chris,Stringer ^[9] ; Ottmar,Kullmer ^[10] ; Michael,Curry ^[3] ; Todd C,Rae ^[11] ; Todd R,Yokley ^[12]

作者单位： Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia swroe@une.edu.au. ^[1] Surgical and Orthopaedic Research Laboratory (SORL), Level 1, Clinical Sciences Bld, Gate 6, Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales (UNSW), Avoca St, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales 2031, Australia w.parr@unsw.edu.au. ^[2] Function, Evolution and Anatomy Research Lab, School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales 2351, Australia. ^[3] College of Osteopathic Medicine, New York Institute of Technology, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA. ^[4] School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales 2308, Australia. ^[5] Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia. ^[6] Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, Ravenna 48121, Italy.;Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ^[7] Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, 04103 Leipzig, Germany. ^[8] Department of Earth Sciences, Natural History Museum, London SW7 5BD, UK. ^[9] Senckenberg Forschungsinstitut Frankfurt am Main, Abteilung Paläoanthropologie und Messelforschung, Sektion Tertiäre Säugetiere, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany. ^[10] Centre for Research in Evolutionary and Environmental Anthropology, University of Roehampton, London, UK. ^[11] Metropolitan State University of Denver, PO Box 173362, Campus Box 28, Denver, CO 80217-3362, USA. ^[12]

关键词 Homo heidelbergensis Homo neanderthalensis computational fluid dynamics finite-element analysis