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Factors associated with obstetric anal sphincter injuries in midwife-led birth: A cross sectional study.

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第一作者： Jorunn Wik,Tunestveit

第一单位： Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: jorunn.wik.tunestveit@helse-bergen.no.

作者： Jorunn Wik,Tunestveit ^[1] ; Elham,Baghestan ^[2] ; Gerd Karin,Natvig ^[3] ; Geir Egil,Eide ^[4] ; Anne Britt Vika,Nilsen ^[5]

作者单位： Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. Electronic address: jorunn.wik.tunestveit@helse-bergen.no. ^[1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway. ^[2] Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway. ^[3] Centre for Clinical Research, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway ; Lifestyle Epidemiology Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Norway. ^[4] Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Norway. ^[5]

关键词 Birth positions Breathing /pushing techniques Intact perineum Manual protection OASI Obstetric anal sphincter injuries Oxytocin augmentation Second stage