Is the operative autonomy granted to a resident consistent with operative performance quality.

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第一作者： Reed G,Williams

第一单位： Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address: reedwill@iupui.edu.

作者： Reed G,Williams ^[1] ; Brian C,George ^[2] ; Jordan D,Bohnen ^[3] ; Shari L,Meyerson ^[4] ; Mary C,Schuller ^[4] ; Andreas H,Meier ^[5] ; Laura,Torbeck ^[6] ; Samuel P,Mandell ^[7] ; John T,Mullen ^[3] ; Douglas S,Smink ^[8] ; Jeffrey G,Chipman ^[9] ; Edward D,Auyang ^[10] ; Kyla P,Terhune ^[11] ; Paul E,Wise ^[12] ; Jennifer,Choi ^[6] ; Eugene F,Foley ^[13] ; Michael A,Choti ^[14] ; Chandrakanth,Are ^[15] ; Nathaniel,Soper ^[4] ; Joseph B,Zwischenberger ^[16] ; Gary L,Dunnington ^[6] ; Keith D,Lillemoe ^[3] ; Jonathan P,Fryer ^[4] ; Procedural Learning and Safety Collaborative

作者单位： Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA. Electronic address: reedwill@iupui.edu. ^[1] Department of Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. ^[2] Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ^[3] Department of Surgery, Northwestern University, Surgery, Chicago, IL, USA. ^[4] Department of Surgery, State University of New York, Syracuse, NY, USA. ^[5] Department of Surgery, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA. ^[6] Department of Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ^[7] Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA. ^[8] Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA. ^[9] Department of Surgery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA. ^[10] Department of Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. ^[11] Department of Surgery, Washington University, Saint Louis, MO, USA. ^[12] Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA. ^[13] Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, TX, USA. ^[14] Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, NE, USA. ^[15] Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA. ^[16]