Jackhammer esophagus with and without esophagogastric junction outflow obstruction demonstrates altered neural control resembling type 3 achalasia.

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作者： Farhan,Quader ^[1] ; Aurelio,Mauro ^[2] ; Edoardo,Savarino ^[3] ; Salvatore,Tolone ^[4] ; Nicola,de Bortoli ^[5] ; Marianna,Franchina ^[6] ; Matteo,Ghisa ^[2] ; Krista,Edelman ^[3] ; Lokesh K,Jha ^[4] ; Roberto,Penagini ^[7] ; C Prakash,Gyawali ^[8]

作者单位： Division of Gastroenterology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. ^[1] Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy. ^[2] Gastroenterology and Endoscopy Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy. ^[3] Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy. ^[4] General, Mini-Invasive and Bariatric Surgery Unit, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. ^[5] Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Cisanello Hospital, Pisa, Italy. ^[6] Division of Gastroenterology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA. ^[7] Richmond Gastroenterology Associates, Richmond, VA, USA. ^[8] Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA. ^[9]

关键词 dysphagia high-resolution manometry hypercontractile disorders jackhammer esophagus multiple rapid swallows type 3 achalasia