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Kratom use in the United States: a diverse and complex profile.

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第一作者： Oliver,Grundmann

第一单位： Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, FL, USA.

作者： Oliver,Grundmann ^[1] ; Jane K,Babin ^[2] ; Jack E,Henningfield ^[3] ; Albert,Garcia-Romeu ^[4] ; Andrew C,Kruegel ^[5] ; Walter C,Prozialeck ^[6] ; Robert B,Raffa ^[7] ; Darshan,Singh ^[8] ; Kirsten E,Smith ^[9]

作者单位： Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, FL, USA. ^[1] The Law Office of Jane K. Babin, PC, San Diego, CA, USA. ^[2] PinneyAssociates, Bethesda, MD; and Department of Psychiatry and Human Services, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ^[3] Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. ^[4] Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA. ^[5] Department of Pharmacology, College of Graduate Studies, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, USA. ^[6] Temple University School of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA, USA.;University of Arizona College of Pharmacy, Tucson, AZ, USA. ^[7] Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Minden, Penang, Malaysia. ^[8] National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD, USA. ^[9]

关键词 Kratom epidemiology opioids patterns of use substance use disorders withdrawal

医学主题词镇痛药, 阿片类(Analgesics, Opioid);横断面研究(Cross-Sectional Studies);人类(Humans);帽柱木属(Mitragyna);阿片相关性障碍(Opioid-Related Disorders);患病率(Prevalence);美国(United States)

DOI 10.1111/add.15173

PMID 32602213

发布时间 2025-05-30

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准确一般字义偏差语意偏离译文作用小提交