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A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa.

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第一作者: Eduan,Wilkinson
第一单位: KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.;Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.
作者: Eduan,Wilkinson [1] ; Marta,Giovanetti [2] ; Houriiyah,Tegally [3] ; James E,San [3] ; Richard,Lessells [3] ; Diego,Cuadros [4] ; Darren P,Martin [5] ; David A,Rasmussen [6] ; Abdel-Rahman N,Zekri [7] ; Abdoul K,Sangare [8] ; Abdoul-Salam,Ouedraogo [9] ; Abdul K,Sesay [10] ; Abechi,Priscilla [11] ; Adedotun-Sulaiman,Kemi [11] ; Adewunmi M,Olubusuyi [12] ; Adeyemi O O,Oluwapelumi [13] ; Adnène,Hammami [14] ; Adrienne A,Amuri [15] ; Ahmad,Sayed [16] ; Ahmed E O,Ouma [17] ; Aida,Elargoubi [18] ; Nnennaya A,Ajayi [19] ; Ajogbasile F,Victoria [11] ; Akano,Kazeem [11] ; Akpede,George [20] ; Alexander J,Trotter [21] ; Ali A,Yahaya [22] ; Alpha K,Keita [23] ; Amadou,Diallo [24] ; Amadou,Kone [25] ; Amal,Souissi [26] ; Amel,Chtourou [14] ; Ana V,Gutierrez [21] ; Andrew J,Page [21] ; Anika,Vinze [27] ; Arash,Iranzadeh [5] ; Arnold,Lambisia [28] ; Arshad,Ismail [29] ; Audu,Rosemary [30] ; Augustina,Sylverken [31] ; Ayoade,Femi [11] ; Azeddine,Ibrahimi [32] ; Baba,Marycelin [33] ; Bamidele S,Oderinde [33] ; Bankole,Bolajoko [11] ; Beatrice,Dhaala [34] ; Belinda L,Herring [22] ; Berthe-Marie,Njanpop-Lafourcade [22] ; Bronwyn,Kleinhans [35] ; Bronwyn,McInnis [7] ; Bryan,Tegomoh [36] ; Cara,Brook [37] ; Catherine B,Pratt [38] ; Cathrine,Scheepers [39] ; Chantal G,Akoua-Koffi [40] ; Charles N,Agoti [41] ; Christophe,Peyrefitte [24] ; Claudia,Daubenberger [42] ; Collins M,Morang'a [43] ; D James,Nokes [44] ; Daniel G,Amoako [29] ; Daniel L,Bugembe [34] ; Danny,Park [27] ; David,Baker [21] ; Deelan,Doolabh [45] ; Deogratius,Ssemwanga [46] ; Derek,Tshiabuila [3] ; Diarra,Bassirou [24] ; Dominic S Y,Amuzu [43] ; Dominique,Goedhals [47] ; Donwilliams O,Omuoyo [28] ; Dorcas,Maruapula [48] ; Ebenezer,Foster-Nyarko [21] ; Eddy K,Lusamaki [15] ; Edgar,Simulundu [49] ; Edidah M,Ong'era [28] ; Edith N,Ngabana [15] ; Edwin,Shumba [50] ; Elmostafa,El Fahime [51] ; Emmanuel,Lokilo [52] ; Enatha,Mukantwari [53] ; Eromon,Philomena [11] ; Essia,Belarbi [54] ; Etienne,Simon-Loriere [55] ; Etilé A,Anoh [40] ; Fabian,Leendertz [54] ; Faida,Ajili [56] ; Fakayode O,Enoch [57] ; Fares,Wasfi [58] ; Fatma,Abdelmoula [59] ; Fausta S,Mosha [22] ; Faustinos T,Takawira [60] ; Fawzi,Derrar [61] ; Feriel,Bouzid [26] ; Folarin,Onikepe [11] ; Fowotade,Adeola [62] ; Francisca M,Muyembe [15] ; Frank,Tanser [63] ; Fred A,Dratibi [22] ; Gabriel K,Mbunsu [64] ; Gaetan,Thilliez [21] ; Gemma L,Kay [21] ; George,Githinji [65] ; Gert,van Zyl [66] ; Gordon A,Awandare [43] ; Grit,Schubert [54] ; Gugu P,Maphalala [67] ; Hafaliana C,Ranaivoson [68] ; Hajar,Lemriss [69] ; Happi,Anise [11] ; Haruka,Abe [70] ; Hela H,Karray [14] ; Hellen,Nansumba [71] ; Hesham A,Elgahzaly [72] ; Hlanai,Gumbo [60] ; Ibtihel,Smeti [26] ; Ikhlas B,Ayed [26] ; Ikponmwosa,Odia [20] ; Ilhem Boutiba,Ben Boubaker [73] ; Imed,Gaaloul [74] ; Inbal,Gazy [75] ; Innocent,Mudau [45] ; Isaac,Ssewanyana [71] ; Iyaloo,Konstantinus [76] ; Jean B,Lekana-Douk [77] ; Jean-Claude C,Makangara [15] ; Jean-Jacques M,Tamfum [15] ; Jean-Michel,Heraud [78] ; Jeffrey G,Shaffer [79] ; Jennifer,Giandhari [3] ; Jingjing,Li [80] ; Jiro,Yasuda [70] ; Joana Q,Mends [81] ; Jocelyn,Kiconco [82] ; John M,Morobe [28] ; John O,Gyapong [81] ; Johnson C,Okolie [11] ; John T,Kayiwa [34] ; Johnathan A,Edwards [83] ; Jones,Gyamfi [81] ; Jouali,Farah [84] ; Joweria,Nakaseegu [82] ; Joyce M,Ngoi [43] ; Joyce,Namulondo [82] ; Julia C,Andeko [77] ; Julius J,Lutwama [34] ; Justin,O'Grady [21] ; Katherine,Siddle [27] ; Kayode T,Adeyemi [11] ; Kefentse A,Tumedi [85] ; Khadija M,Said [28] ; Kim,Hae-Young [86] ; Kwabena O,Duedu [81] ; Lahcen,Belyamani [32] ; Lamia,Fki-Berrajah [14] ; Lavanya,Singh [3] ; Leonardo de O,Martins [21] ; Lynn,Tyers [45] ; Magalutcheemee,Ramuth [87] ; Maha,Mastouri [18] ; Mahjoub,Aouni [74] ; Mahmoud,El Hefnawi [88] ; Maitshwarelo I,Matsheka [85] ; Malebogo,Kebabonye [89] ; Mamadou,Diop [24] ; Manel,Turki [26] ; Marietou,Paye [27] ; Martin M,Nyaga [90] ; Mathabo,Mareka [91] ; Matoke-Muhia,Damaris [92] ; Maureen W,Mburu [28] ; Maximillian,Mpina [93] ; Mba,Nwando [94] ; Michael,Owusu [95] ; Michael R,Wiley [38] ; Mirabeau T,Youtchou [96] ; Mitoha O,Ayekaba [97] ; Mohamed,Abouelhoda [98] ; Mohamed G,Seadawy [99] ; Mohamed K,Khalifa [16] ; Mooko,Sekhele [91] ; Mouna,Ouadghiri [32] ; Moussa M,Diagne [24] ; Mulenga,Mwenda [100] ; Mushal,Allam [29] ; My V T,Phan [34] ; Nabil,Abid [101] ; Nadia,Touil [102] ; Nadine,Rujeni [103] ; Najla,Kharrat [26] ; Nalia,Ismael [104] ; Ndongo,Dia [24] ; Nedio,Mabunda [104] ; Nei-Yuan,Hsiao [105] ; Nelson B,Silochi [97] ; Ngoy,Nsenga [22] ; Nicksy,Gumede [22] ; Nicola,Mulder [106] ; Nnaemeka,Ndodo [94] ; Norosoa H,Razanajatovo [68] ; Nosamiefan,Iguosadolo [11] ; Oguzie,Judith [11] ; Ojide C,Kingsley [107] ; Okogbenin,Sylvanus [20] ; Okokhere,Peter [20] ; Oladiji,Femi [108] ; Olawoye,Idowu [11] ; Olumade,Testimony [11] ; Omoruyi E,Chukwuma [62] ; Onwe E,Ogah [109] ; Chika K,Onwuamah [110] ; Oshomah,Cyril [20] ; Ousmane,Faye [24] ; Oyewale,Tomori [11] ; Pascale,Ondoa [50] ; Patrice,Combe [111] ; Patrick,Semanda [71] ; Paul E,Oluniyi [11] ; Paulo,Arnaldo [104] ; Peter K,Quashie [43] ; Philippe,Dussart [68] ; Phillip A,Bester [47] ; Placide K,Mbala [15] ; Reuben,Ayivor-Djanie [81] ; Richard,Njouom [112] ; Richard O,Phillips [113] ; Richmond,Gorman [113] ; Robert A,Kingsley [21] ; Rosina A A,Carr [81] ; Saâd,El Kabbaj [114] ; Saba,Gargouri [14] ; Saber,Masmoudi [26] ; Safietou,Sankhe [24] ; Salako B,Lawal [30] ; Samar,Kassim [72] ; Sameh,Trabelsi [115] ; Samar,Metha [27] ; Sami,Kammoun [116] ; Sanaâ,Lemriss [114] ; Sara H A,Agwa [72] ; Sébastien,Calvignac-Spencer [54] ; Stephen F,Schaffner [27] ; Seydou,Doumbia [25] ; Sheila M,Mandanda [15] ; Sherihane,Aryeetey [117] ; Shymaa S,Ahmed [117] ; Siham,Elhamoumi [27] ; Soafy,Andriamandimby [68] ; Sobajo,Tope [11] ; Sonia,Lekana-Douki [77] ; Sophie,Prosolek [21] ; Soumeya,Ouangraoua [118] ; Steve A,Mundeke [15] ; Steven,Rudder [21] ; Sumir,Panji [106] ; Sureshnee,Pillay [3] ; Susan,Engelbrecht [66] ; Susan,Nabadda [71] ; Sylvie,Behillil [119] ; Sylvie L,Budiaki [91] ; Sylvie,van der Werf [119] ; Tapfumanei,Mashe [60] ; Tarik,Aanniz [32] ; Thabo,Mohale [29] ; Thanh,Le-Viet [21] ; Tobias,Schindler [120] ; Ugochukwu J,Anyaneji [3] ; Ugwu,Chinedu [11] ; Upasana,Ramphal [121] ; Uwanibe,Jessica [11] ; Uwem,George [11] ; Vagner,Fonseca [122] ; Vincent,Enouf [119] ; Vivianne,Gorova [123] ; Wael H,Roshdy [117] ; William K,Ampofo [43] ; Wolfgang,Preiser [66] ; Wonderful T,Choga [124] ; Yaw,Bediako [43] ; Yeshnee,Naidoo [3] ; Yvan,Butera [125] ; Zaydah R,de Laurent [28] ; Amadou A,Sall [24] ; Ahmed,Rebai [26] ; Anne,von Gottberg [126] ; Bourema,Kouriba [9] ; Carolyn,Williamson [127] ; Daniel J,Bridges [100] ; Ihekweazu,Chikwe [94] ; Jinal N,Bhiman [126] ; Madisa,Mine [128] ; Matthew,Cotten [129] ; Sikhulile,Moyo [130] ; Simani,Gaseitsiwe [130] ; Ngonda,Saasa [49] ; Pardis C,Sabeti [27] ; Pontiano,Kaleebu [34] ; Yenew K,Tebeje [17] ; Sofonias K,Tessema [17] ; Christian,Happi [11] ; John,Nkengasong [17] ; Tulio,de Oliveira [131]
作者单位: KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.;Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa. [1] Laboratorio de Flavivirus, Fundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.;Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil. [2] KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. [3] Department of Geography and GIS, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA. [4] Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, Computational Biology Division, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.;Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. [5] Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.;Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA. [6] Cancer Biology Department, Virology and Immunology Unit, National Cancer Institute, Cairo University, Cairo 11796, Egypt. [7] Centre d'Infectiologie Charles Mérieux-Mali (CICM-Mali), Bamako, Mali. [8] Bacteriology and Virology Department Souro Sanou University Hospital, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. [9] MRCG at LSHTM Genomics Lab, Fajara, Gambia. [10] African Centre of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases (ACEGID), Redeemer's University, Ede, Osun State, Nigeria. [11] Department of Virology, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. [12] Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. [13] CHU Habib Bourguiba, Laboratory of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine of sFax, University of sFax, sFax, Tunisia. [14] Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.;Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. [15] Genomics Research Program, Children's Cancer Hospital, Cairo, Egypt. [16] Institute of Pathogen Genomics, Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [17] Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.;Laboratory of Microbiology, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. [18] Internal Medicine Department, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. [19] Irrua Specialist Teaching Hospital, Irrua, Nigeria. [20] Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, UK. [21] World Health Organization, Africa Region, Brazzaville Congo. [22] Centre de Recherche et de Formation en Infectiologie de Guinée (CERFIG), Université de Conakry, Conakry, Guinea.;TransVIHMI, Montpellier University/IRD/INSERM, Montpellier, France. [23] Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal. [24] Mali-University Clinical Research Center (UCRC), Bamako, Mali. [25] Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia. [26] Broad Insitute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA. [27] KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya. [28] National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa. [29] The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. [30] Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany. [31] Medical Biotechnology Laboratory, Rabat Medical and Pharmacy School, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco. [32] Department of Immunology, University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, P.M.B. 1414, Maiduguri, Nigeria. [33] MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda. [34] Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa. [35] The Biotechnology Center of the University of Yaoundé I, Cameroon and CDC Foundation, Yaounde, Cameroon. [36] Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.;Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [37] University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC), Omaha, NE, USA. [38] National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.;Antibody Immunity Research Unit, School of Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [39] CHU de Bouaké, Laboratoire/Unité de Diagnostic des Virus des Fièvres Hémorragiques et Virus Émergents, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire. [40] KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya.;School of Public Health, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya. [41] Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland. [42] West African Centre for Cell Biology of Infectious Pathogens (WACCBIP), Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana. [43] KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya.;School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK. [44] Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. [45] MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.;Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda. [46] Division of Virology, National Health Laboratory Service and University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, South Africa. [47] Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership and Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana. [48] University of Zambia, School of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Disease Control, Lusaka, Zambia. [49] African Society for Laboratory Medicine, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. [50] Functional Genomic Platform/National Centre for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST), Rabat, Morocco. [51] Pathogen Sequencing Lab, Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale (INRB), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. [52] Rwanda National Reference Laboratory, Kigali, Rwanda. [53] Robert Koch-Institute, Berlin, Germany. [54] G5 Evolutionary Genomics of RNA Viruses, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. [55] Research Unit of Autoimmune Diseases UR17DN02, Military Hospital of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia. [56] Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. [57] Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Tunis, Tunisia. [58] Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Screening Processes, Centre of Biotechnology of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.;Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. [59] National Microbiology Reference Laboratory, Harare, Zimbabwe. [60] National Influenza Centre, Viral Respiratory Laboratory, Algiers, Algeria. [61] Medical Microbiology and Parasitology Department, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. [62] Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.;Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.;Africa Health Research Institute, KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. [63] Université de Kinshasa (UNIKIN), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. [64] KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme/KEMRI-CGMR-C, Kilifi, Kenya.;Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya. [65] Division of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa.;National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Tygerberg, Cape Town, South Africa. [66] Institution and Department, Ministry Of Health, COVID-19 Testing Laboratory, Mbabane, Kingdom of Eswatini. [67] Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [68] Laboratory of Health Sciences and Technologies, High Institute of Health Sciences, Hassan 1st University, Settat, Morocco. [69] Department of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan. [70] Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Kampala, Uganda. [71] Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams Research institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. [72] Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, National Influenza Center, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia.;Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. [73] Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia. [74] Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel. [75] Namibia Institute of Pathology, Windhoek, Namibia. [76] Centre Interdisciplinaires de Recherches Medicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon. [77] Virology Department, Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Dakar, Senegal.;Virology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar. [78] Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA. [79] Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA. [80] UHAS COVID-19 Testing and Research Centre, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana. [81] Uganda Virus Research Institute, Entebbe, Uganda. [82] Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK.;Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. [83] Anoual Laboratory, Casablanca, Morocco. [84] Botswana Institute for Technology Research and Innovation, Gaborone, Botswana. [85] New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York City, NY, USA. [86] Virology/Molecular Biology Department, Central Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Mauritius. [87] Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre (NRC), Cairo Egypt. [88] Ministry of Health and Wellness, Gaborone, Botswana. [89] Next Generation Sequencing Unit and Division of Virology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa. [90] National Reference Laboratory Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho. [91] Centre for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya. [92] Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.;Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney, Baney, Equatorial Guinea.;Ifakara Health Institute, Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania. [93] Nigeria Centre for Disease Control, Abuja, Nigeria. [94] Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. [95] Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. [96] Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney, Baney, Equatorial Guinea. [97] Systems and Biomedical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Cairo University, Cairo 12613, Egypt.;King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. [98] Biological Prevention Department, Main Chemical Laboratories, Egypt Army, Cairo, Egypt. [99] PATH, Lusaka, Zambia. [100] Laboratory of Transmissible Diseases and Biological Active Substances (LR99ES27), Faculty of Pharmacy of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.;Department of Biotechnology, High Institute of Biotechnology of Sidi Thabet, University of Manouba, BP-66, 2020 Ariana-Tunis, Tunisia. [101] Genomic Center for Human Pathologies (GENOPATH), Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco. [102] Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda.;School of Health Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda. [103] Instituto Nacional de Saude (INS), Maputo, Mozambique. [104] Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.;National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa. [105] Computational Biology Division, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, IDM, CIDRI Africa Wellcome Trust Centre, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. [106] Virology Laboratory, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. [107] Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. [108] Alex Ekwueme Federal University Teaching Hospital, Abakaliki, Nigeria. [109] The Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria.;Centre for Human Virology and Genomics, Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Lagos, Nigeria. [110] Mayotte Hospital Center, Mayotte, France. [111] Virology Service, Centre Pasteur of Cameroun, Yaounde, Cameroon. [112] Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana. [113] Laboratoire de Recherche et d'Analyses Médicales de la Gendarmerie Royale, Rabat, Morocco. [114] Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology Lab, LR16SP02, National Center of Pharmacovigilance, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia. [115] CHU Hedi Chaker Sfax, Service de Pneumologie, Tunis, Tunisia. [116] Central Public Health Laboratories (CPHL), Cairo, Egypt. [117] Centre MURAZ, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso.;National Institute of Public Health of Burkina Faso (INSP/BF), Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. [118] National Reference Center for Respiratory Viruses, Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses, UMR 3569 CNRS, University of Paris, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France. [119] Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland.;Laboratorio de Investigaciones de Baney, Baney, Equatorial Guinea. [120] KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.;Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.;Sub-Saharan African Network For TB/HIV Research Excellence (SANTHE), Durban, South Africa. [121] KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.;Laboratório de Genética Celular e Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.;Coordenação Geral de Laboratórios de Saúde Pública/Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde, Ministério da Saúde, Brasília, Distrito Federal, Brazil. [122] World Health Organization, WHO Lesotho, Maseru, Lesotho.;Med24 Medical Centre, Ruwa, Zimbabwe. [123] Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership and Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.;Division of Human Genetics, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. [124] Rwanda National Joint Task Force COVID-19, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Ministry of Health, Kigali, Rwanda.;Center for Human Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.;Laboratory of Human Genetics, GIGA Research Institute, Liège, Belgium. [125] National Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Johannesburg, South Africa.;School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. [126] Division of Medical Virology, Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases in Africa, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.;Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.;National Health Laboratory Service (NHLS), Cape Town, South Africa. [127] National Health Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana. [128] MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda.;MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, UK. [129] Botswana Harvard AIDS Institute Partnership and Botswana Harvard HIV Reference Laboratory, Gaborone, Botswana.;Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA. [130] KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), Nelson R Mandela School of Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.;Centre for Epidemic Response and Innovation (CERI), School of Data Science and Computational Thinking, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa.;Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa.;Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. [131]
DOI 10.1126/science.abj4336
PMID 34672751
发布时间 2024-12-07
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