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The risk of secondary progressive multiple sclerosis is geographically determined but modifiable.

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作者: Sifat,Sharmin [1] ; Izanne,Roos [2] ; Steve,Simpson-Yap [1] ; Charles,Malpas [2] ; Marina M,Sánchez [1] ; Serkan,Ozakbas [3] ; Dana,Horakova [4] ; Eva K,Havrdova [1] ; Francesco,Patti [2] ; Raed,Alroughani [1] ; Guillermo,Izquierdo [2] ; Sara,Eichau [5] ; Cavit,Boz [6] ; Magd,Zakaria [7] ; Marco,Onofrj [7] ; Alessandra,Lugaresi [8] ; Bianca,Weinstock-Guttman [9] ; Alexandre,Prat [10] ; Marc,Girard [10] ; Pierre,Duquette [11] ; Murat,Terzi [12] ; Maria Pia,Amato [13] ; Rana,Karabudak [14] ; Francois,Grand'Maison [15] ; Samia J,Khoury [16] ; Pierre,Grammond [16] ; Jeannette,Lechner-Scott [16] ; Katherine,Buzzard [17] ; Olga,Skibina [18] ; Anneke,van der Walt [19] ; Helmut,Butzkueven [20] ; Recai,Turkoglu [21] ; Ayse,Altintas [22] ; Davide,Maimone [23] ; Allan,Kermode [24] ; Nevin,Shalaby [24] ; Vincent V,Pesch [25] ; Ernest,Butler [25] ; Youssef,Sidhom [26] ; Riadh,Gouider [27] ; Saloua,Mrabet [28] ; Oliver,Gerlach [29] ; Aysun,Soysal [30] ; Michael,Barnett [31] ; Jens,Kuhle [32] ; Stella,Hughes [33] ; Maria J,Sa [33] ; Suzanne,Hodgkinson [34] ; Celia,Oreja-Guevara [33] ; Radek,Ampapa [34] ; Thor,Petersen [35] ; Cristina,Ramo-Tello [36] ; Daniele,Spitaleri [37] ; Pamela,McCombe [38] ; Bruce,Taylor [39] ; Julie,Prevost [40] ; Matteo,Foschi [41] ; Mark,Slee [42] ; Chris,McGuigan [43] ; Guy,Laureys [44] ; Liesbeth V,Hijfte [45] ; Koen,de Gans [46] ; Claudio,Solaro [47] ; Jiwon,Oh [48] ; Richard,Macdonell [49] ; Eduardo,Aguera-Morales [50] ; Bhim,Singhal [51] ; Orla,Gray [52] ; Justin,Garber [53] ; Bart V,Wijmeersch [54] ; Mihaela,Simu [54] ; Tamara,Castillo-Triviño [55] ; Jose L,Sanchez-Menoyo [56] ; Dheeraj,Khurana [57] ; Abdullah,Al-Asmi [58] ; Talal,Al-Harbi [59] ; Norma,Deri [60] ; Yara,Fragoso [61] ; Patrice H,Lalive [62] ; L G F,Sinnige [63] ; Cameron,Shaw [64] ; Neil,Shuey [65] ; Tunde,Csepany [66] ; Angel P,Sempere [67] ; Fraser,Moore [68] ; Danny,Decoo [69] ; Barbara,Willekens [70] ; Claudio,Gobbi [71] ; Jennifer,Massey [72] ; Todd,Hardy [73] ; John,Parratt [74] ; Tomas,Kalincik [75]
作者单位: CORe, Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia. [1] Neuroimmunology Centre, Department of Neurology, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne 3050, Australia. [2] Neuroepidemiology Unit, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne 3050, Australia. [3] Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Tasmania 7000, Australia. [4] Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 08916, Spain. [5] Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Konak/Izmir 35220, Turkey. [6] Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital, Prague 12808, Czech Republic. [7] Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies, GF Ingrassia, Catania 95123, Italy. [8] Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Amiri Hospital, Sharq 73767, Kuwait. [9] Multiple Sclerosis Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena, Sevilla 41009, Spain. [10] Faculty of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, Karadeniz Technical University Farabi Hospital, Trabzon 61080, Turkey. [11] Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt. [12] Department of Neuroscience, Imaging, and Clinical Sciences, University G. d'Annunzio, Chieti 66013, Italy. [13] Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie, Università di Bologna, Bologna 40139, Italy. [14] Department of Neurology, Jacobs Multiple Sclerosis Center for Treatment and Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo 14202, USA. [15] CHUM MS Center, Faculty of Medicine, Universite de Montreal, Montreal H2L 4M1, Canada. [16] Faculty of Medicine, 19 Mayis University, Samsun 55160, Turkey. [17] Department NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Florence 50134, Italy. [18] Department of Neurology, Hacettepe University, Ankara 6100, Turkey. [19] Neuro Rive-Sud, Hôpital Charles LeMoyne, Quebec J4V 2J2, Canada. [20] Nehme and Therese Tohme Multiple Sclerosis Center, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon. [21] Médecine spécialisée, CISSS Chaudière-Appalaches, Levis G6X 0A1, Canada. [22] School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle 2305, Australia. [23] Department of Neurology, Box Hill Hospital, Melbourne 3128, Australia. [24] Department of Neurology, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne 3000, Australia. [25] Department of Neurology, Haydarpasa Numune Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34668, Turkey. [26] Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Koc University, Koc University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), Istanbul 34450, Turkey. [27] Centro Sclerosi Multipla, UOC Neurologia, ARNAS Garibaldi, Catania 95124, Italy. [28] Perron Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands 6009, Australia. [29] Department of Neurology, Kasr Al Ainy MS Research Unit (KAMSU), Cairo 11562, Egypt. [30] Service de Neurologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200 BXL, Belgium. [31] Monash Medical Centre, Melbourne 3168, Australia. [32] Department of Neurology, Razi Hospital, Manouba 2010, Tunisia. [33] Clinical Investigation Center Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis 1068, Tunisia. [34] Academic MS Center Zuyderland, Department of Neurology, Zuyderland Medical Center, Sittard-Geleen 5500, The Netherlands. [35] School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht 6131 BK, The Netherlands. [36] Department of Neurology, Bakirkoy Education and Research Hospital for Psychiatric and Neurological Diseases, Istanbul 34147, Turkey. [37] Multiple Sclerosis Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, Sydney 2050, Australia. [38] Neurologic Clinic and Policlinic, Departments of Medicine and Clinical Research, University Hospital and University of Basel, Basel 4000, Switzerland. [39] Department of Neurology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK. [40] Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitario de Sao Joao, Porto 4200-319, Portugal. [41] Immune tolerance laboratory Ingham Institute and Department of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney 2170, Australia. [42] Department of Neurology, Hospital Clinico San Carlos, Madrid 28050, Spain. [43] MS centrum, Nemocnice Jihlava, Jihlava 58633, Czech Republic. [44] Department of Neurology, Aarhus University Hospital, Arhus C 8000, Denmark. [45] Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona 8916, Spain. [46] Centro Sclerosi Multipla, Azienda Ospedaliera di Rilievo Nazionale San Giuseppe Moscati Avellino, Avellino 83100, Italy. [47] Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4000, Australia. [48] Department of Neurology, Royal Hobart Hospital, Hobart 7000, Australia. [49] Département de neurologie, CSSS Saint-Jérôme, Saint-Jerome J7Z 5T3, Canada. [50] Department of Neuroscience, Neurology Unit, S. Maria delle Croci Hospital of Ravenna, Ravenna 48121, Italy. [51] College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide 5042, Australia. [52] Department of Neurology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin D04 T6F4, Ireland. [53] Department of Neurology, Universitary Hospital Ghent, Ghent 9000, Belgium. [54] Department of Neurology, Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda 2800 BB, The Netherlands. [55] Department of Rehabilitation, CRRF 'Mons. Luigi Novarese', Moncrivello (VC) 16153, Italy. [56] Barlo Multiple Sclerosis Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto M5B1W8, Canada. [57] Department of Neurology, Austin Health, Melbourne 3084, Australia. [58] Department of Neurology, University Hospital Reina Sofia, Cordoba 14004, Spain. [59] Department of Neurology, Bombay Hospital Institute of Medical Sciences, Mumbai 400020, India. [60] Department of Neurology, South Eastern HSC Trust, Belfast BT16, UK. [61] Department of Neurology, Westmead Hospital, Sydney 2145, Australia. [62] Rehabilitation and MS-Centre Overpelt, Hasselt University, Hasselt 3900, Belgium. [63] Clinic of Neurology II, Emergency Clinical County Hospital 'Pius Brinzeu', Timisoara 300723, Romania. [64] Department of Neurology, Victor Babes University of Medicine and Pharmacy Timisoara, Timisoara 300041, Romania. [65] Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián 20014, Spain. [66] Department of Neurology, Hospital de Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdakao 48660, Spain. [67] Department of Neurology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India. [68] Department of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Al-Khodh 123, Oman. [69] Neurology Department, King Fahad Specialist Hospital-Dammam, Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia. [70] Hospital Fernandez, Buenos Aires 1425, Argentina. [71] Department of Neurology, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos 11045-002, Brazil. [72] Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Geneva University Hospital, Geneva 1211, Switzerland. [73] Department of Neurology, Medical Center Leeuwarden, Leeuwarden 8934 AD, The Netherlands. [74] Neuroscience Department, Barwon Health, University Hospital Geelong, Geelong 3220, Australia. [75] Department of Neurology, St Vincents Hospital, Fitzroy, Melbourne 3065, Australia. [76] Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen 4032, Hungary. [77] Department of Neurology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante 3010, Spain. [78] Department of Neurology, McGill University, Montreal H3T 1E2, Canada. [79] Department of Neurology & Neuro-Rehabilitation, AZ Alma Ziekenhuis, Sijsele-Damme 8340, Belgium. [80] Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem 2650, Belgium. [81] Translational Neurosciences Research Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk 2650, Belgium. [82] Ospedale Civico Lugano, Lugano 6900, Switzerland. [83] St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Sydney 2010, Australia. [84] Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney 2139, Australia. [85] Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney 2065, Australia. [86]
DOI 10.1093/brain/awad218
PMID 37369086
发布时间 2023-11-09
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Brain : a journal of neurology

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