换一批Inference of the Mass Composition of Cosmic Rays with Energies from 10^{18.5} to 10^{20} eV Using the Pierre Auger Observatory and Deep Learning.
第一作者：
A,Abdul Halim
第一单位：
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
作者：
A,Abdul Halim [1]
;
P,Abreu [2]
;
M,Aglietta [3]
;
I,Allekotte [4]
;
K,Almeida Cheminant [5]
;
A,Almela [6]
;
R,Aloisio [7]
;
J,Alvarez-Muñiz [8]
;
J,Ammerman Yebra [8]
;
G A,Anastasi [9]
;
L,Anchordoqui [10]
;
B,Andrada [11]
;
L,Andrade Dourado [7]
;
S,Andringa [2]
;
L,Apollonio [12]
;
C,Aramo [13]
;
P R,Araújo Ferreira [14]
;
E,Arnone [15]
;
J C,Arteaga Velázquez [16]
;
P,Assis [2]
;
G,Avila [17]
;
E,Avocone [18]
;
A,Bakalova [19]
;
F,Barbato [7]
;
A,Bartz Mocellin [20]
;
C,Berat [21]
;
M E,Bertaina [15]
;
G,Bhatta [22]
;
M,Bianciotto [15]
;
P L,Biermann [23]
;
V,Binet [24]
;
K,Bismark [25]
;
T,Bister [26]
;
J,Biteau [27]
;
J,Blazek [19]
;
C,Bleve [21]
;
J,Blümer [28]
;
M,Boháčová [19]
;
D,Boncioli [18]
;
C,Bonifazi [29]
;
L,Bonneau Arbeletche [30]
;
N,Borodai [22]
;
J,Brack [23]
;
P G,Brichetto Orchera [11]
;
F L,Briechle [14]
;
A,Bueno [31]
;
S,Buitink [32]
;
M,Buscemi [9]
;
M,Büsken [25]
;
A,Bwembya [26]
;
K S,Caballero-Mora [33]
;
S,Cabana-Freire [8]
;
L,Caccianiga [12]
;
F,Campuzano [34]
;
R,Caruso [9]
;
A,Castellina [3]
;
F,Catalani [35]
;
G,Cataldi [36]
;
L,Cazon [8]
;
M,Cerda [37]
;
B,Čermáková [28]
;
A,Cermenati [7]
;
J A,Chinellato [30]
;
J,Chudoba [19]
;
L,Chytka [38]
;
R W,Clay [1]
;
A C,Cobos Cerutti [34]
;
R,Colalillo [39]
;
M R,Coluccia [36]
;
R,Conceição [2]
;
A,Condorelli [27]
;
G,Consolati [40]
;
M,Conte [41]
;
F,Convenga [18]
;
D,Correia Dos Santos [42]
;
P J,Costa [2]
;
C E,Covault [43]
;
M,Cristinziani [44]
;
C S,Cruz Sanchez [45]
;
S,Dasso [46]
;
K,Daumiller [28]
;
B R,Dawson [1]
;
R M,de Almeida [42]
;
B,de Errico [42]
;
J,de Jesús [47]
;
S J,de Jong [26]
;
J R T,de Mello Neto [42]
;
I,De Mitri [7]
;
J,de Oliveira [48]
;
D,de Oliveira Franco [36]
;
F,de Palma [41]
;
V,de Souza [49]
;
E,De Vito [41]
;
A,Del Popolo [9]
;
O,Deligny [50]
;
N,Denner [19]
;
L,Deval [47]
;
A,di Matteo [51]
;
J A,do [52]
;
M,Dobre [53]
;
C,Dobrigkeit [30]
;
J C,D'Olivo [54]
;
L M,Domingues Mendes [55]
;
Q,Dorosti [44]
;
J C,Dos Anjos [56]
;
R C,Dos Anjos [57]
;
J,Ebr [19]
;
F,Ellwanger [28]
;
M,Emam [26]
;
R,Engel [58]
;
I,Epicoco [41]
;
M,Erdmann [14]
;
A,Etchegoyen [6]
;
C,Evoli [7]
;
H,Falcke [59]
;
G,Farrar [60]
;
A C,Fauth [30]
;
T,Fehler [44]
;
F,Feldbusch [61]
;
F,Fenu [28]
;
A,Fernandes [2]
;
B,Fick [62]
;
J M,Figueira [11]
;
P,Filip [25]
;
A,Filipčič [63]
;
T,Fitoussi [28]
;
B,Flaggs [64]
;
T,Fodran [65]
;
T,Fujii [66]
;
A,Fuster [6]
;
C,Galea [65]
;
B,García [34]
;
C,Gaudu [67]
;
A,Gherghel-Lascu [53]
;
P L,Ghia [50]
;
U,Giaccari [36]
;
J,Glombitza [14]
;
F,Gobbi [37]
;
F,Gollan [11]
;
G,Golup [4]
;
M,Gómez Berisso [4]
;
P F,Gómez Vitale [17]
;
J P,Gongora [17]
;
J M,González [4]
;
N,González [11]
;
D,Góra [22]
;
A,Gorgi [3]
;
M,Gottowik [28]
;
F,Guarino [39]
;
G P,Guedes [68]
;
E,Guido [44]
;
L,Gülzow [28]
;
S,Hahn [69]
;
P,Hamal [19]
;
M R,Hampel [11]
;
P,Hansen [45]
;
D,Harari [4]
;
V M,Harvey [1]
;
A,Haungs [28]
;
T,Hebbeker [14]
;
C,Hojvat [23]
;
J R,Hörandel [26]
;
P,Horvath [38]
;
M,Hrabovský [38]
;
T,Huege [70]
;
A,Insolia [9]
;
P G,Isar [71]
;
P,Janecek [19]
;
V,Jilek [19]
;
J A,Johnsen [20]
;
J,Jurysek [19]
;
K-H,Kampert [67]
;
B,Keilhauer [28]
;
A,Khakurdikar [65]
;
V V,Kizakke Covilakam [47]
;
H O,Klages [28]
;
M,Kleifges [61]
;
F,Knapp [69]
;
J,Köhler [28]
;
F,Krieger [14]
;
N,Kunka [61]
;
B L,Lago [72]
;
N,Langner [14]
;
M A,Leigui de Oliveira [73]
;
Y,Lema-Capeans [8]
;
A,Letessier-Selvon [74]
;
I,Lhenry-Yvon [50]
;
L,Lopes [2]
;
L,Lu [75]
;
Q,Luce [69]
;
J P,Lundquist [76]
;
A,Machado Payeras [30]
;
M,Majercakova [19]
;
D,Mandat [19]
;
B C,Manning [1]
;
P,Mantsch [23]
;
F M,Mariani [12]
;
A G,Mariazzi [45]
;
I C,Mariş [77]
;
G,Marsella [78]
;
D,Martello [41]
;
S,Martinelli [47]
;
O,Martínez Bravo [79]
;
M A,Martins [8]
;
H-J,Mathes [28]
;
J,Matthews [23]
;
G,Matthiae [80]
;
E,Mayotte [20]
;
S,Mayotte [20]
;
P O,Mazur [81]
;
G,Medina-Tanco ;
J,Meinert ;
D,Melo ;
A,Menshikov ;
C,Merx ;
S,Michal ;
M I,Micheletti ;
L,Miramonti ;
S,Mollerach ;
F,Montanet ;
L,Morejon ;
K,Mulrey ;
R,Mussa ;
W M,Namasaka ;
S,Negi ;
L,Nellen ;
K,Nguyen ;
G,Nicora ;
M,Niechciol ;
D,Nitz ;
D,Nosek ;
V,Novotny ;
L,Nožka ;
A,Nucita ;
L A,Núñez ;
C,Oliveira ;
M,Palatka ;
J,Pallotta ;
S,Panja ;
G,Parente ;
T,Paulsen ;
J,Pawlowsky ;
M,Pech ;
J,Pȩkala ;
R,Pelayo ;
V,Pelgrims ;
L A S,Pereira ;
E E,Pereira Martins ;
C,Pérez Bertolli ;
L,Perrone ;
S,Petrera ;
C,Petrucci ;
T,Pierog ;
M,Pimenta ;
M,Platino ;
B,Pont ;
M,Pothast ;
M,Pourmohammad Shahvar ;
P,Privitera ;
M,Prouza ;
S,Querchfeld ;
J,Rautenberg ;
D,Ravignani ;
J V,Reginatto Akim ;
M,Reininghaus ;
A,Reuzki ;
J,Ridky ;
F,Riehn ;
M,Risse ;
V,Rizi ;
W,Rodrigues de Carvalho ;
E,Rodriguez ;
J,Rodriguez Rojo ;
M J,Roncoroni ;
S,Rossoni ;
M,Roth ;
E,Roulet ;
A C,Rovero ;
A,Saftoiu ;
M,Saharan ;
F,Salamida ;
H,Salazar ;
G,Salina ;
J D,Sanabria Gomez ;
F,Sánchez ;
E M,Santos ;
E,Santos ;
F,Sarazin ;
R,Sarmento ;
R,Sato ;
P,Savina ;
C M,Schäfer ;
V,Scherini ;
H,Schieler ;
M,Schimassek ;
M,Schimp ;
D,Schmidt ;
O,Scholten ;
H,Schoorlemmer ;
P,Schovánek ;
F G,Schröder ;
J,Schulte ;
T,Schulz ;
S J,Sciutto ;
M,Scornavacche ;
A,Sedoski ;
A,Segreto ;
S,Sehgal ;
S U,Shivashankara ;
G,Sigl ;
K,Simkova ;
F,Simon ;
R,Smau ;
R,Šmída ;
P,Sommers ;
R,Squartini ;
M,Stadelmaier ;
S,Stanič ;
J,Stasielak ;
P,Stassi ;
S,Strähnz ;
M,Straub ;
T,Suomijärvi ;
A D,Supanitsky ;
Z,Svozilikova ;
Z,Szadkowski ;
F,Tairli ;
A,Tapia ;
C,Taricco ;
C,Timmermans ;
O,Tkachenko ;
P,Tobiska ;
C J,Todero Peixoto ;
B,Tomé ;
Z,Torrès ;
A,Travaini ;
P,Travnicek ;
M,Tueros ;
M,Unger ;
R,Uzeiroska ;
L,Vaclavek ;
M,Vacula ;
J F,Valdés Galicia ;
L,Valore ;
E,Varela ;
V,Vašíčková ;
A,Vásquez-Ramírez ;
D,Veberič ;
I D,Vergara Quispe ;
V,Verzi ;
J,Vicha ;
J,Vink ;
S,Vorobiov ;
C,Watanabe ;
A A,Watson ;
A,Weindl ;
L,Wiencke ;
H,Wilczyński ;
D,Wittkowski ;
B,Wundheiler ;
B,Yue ;
A,Yushkov ;
O,Zapparrata ;
E,Zas ;
D,Zavrtanik ;
M,Zavrtanik ;
Pierre Auger Collaboration
作者单位：
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
[1]
Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.
[2]
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.;Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.
[3]
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.
[4]
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.;IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.;Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
[5]
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
[6]
Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.;INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.
[7]
Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
[8]
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.;Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Catania, Italy.
[9]
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.
[10]
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
[11]
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.;Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.
[12]
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.
[13]
RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.
[14]
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.;Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.
[15]
Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.
[16]
Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.
[17]
INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.;Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.
[18]
Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
[19]
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.
[20]
Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.
[21]
Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.
[22]
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.;Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.;Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.;Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.;Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.;International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Villa Martelli, Argentina.;Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.;Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.;Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.;Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.;Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.;Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.;Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil.;Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), RJ, Brazil.;Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil.;Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.;Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.;Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.;Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.;Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil.;Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.;Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.;Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.;Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.;Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.;Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.;Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.;Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.;CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.;Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.;Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.;Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.;Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.;RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.;Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.;Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.;Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.;INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.;Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy.;Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.;Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.;Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy.;Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.;Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Catania, Italy.;Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.;Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy.;Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè", Palermo, Italy.;Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.;Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.;Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.;Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México.;Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.;Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.;Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.;Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru.;Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.;University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland.;Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.;"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.;Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.;Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.;Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.;Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.;Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.;IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.;Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.;Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.;Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.;Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.;Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.;Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.;Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.;New York University, New York, New York, USA.;University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.;University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA.;University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
[23]
Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.
[24]
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[25]
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.;Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
[26]
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.
[27]
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[28]
International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
[29]
Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.
[30]
Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.
[31]
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.
[32]
Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.
[33]
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.
[34]
Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil.
[35]
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.
[36]
Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.
[37]
Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.
[38]
INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.;Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy.
[39]
INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.;Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.
[40]
INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.;Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy.
[41]
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
[42]
Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
[43]
Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.
[44]
IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.
[45]
Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
[46]
Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[47]
Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), RJ, Brazil.
[48]
Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
[49]
CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.
[50]
INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.
[51]
University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.;Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru.
[52]
"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
[53]
Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.
[54]
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.;Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.
[55]
Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
[56]
Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.
[57]
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[58]
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.;Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.;Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.
[59]
New York University, New York, New York, USA.
[60]
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[61]
Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan, USA.
[62]
Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.;Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
[63]
University of Delaware, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Bartol Research Institute, Newark, Delaware, USA.
[64]
IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
[65]
University of Chicago, Enrico Fermi Institute, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
[66]
Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.
[67]
Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.
[68]
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[69]
Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.
[70]
Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.
[71]
Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil.
[72]
Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.
[73]
Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.
[74]
University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Physics and WIPAC, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
[75]
Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
[76]
Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.
[77]
INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.;Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè", Palermo, Italy.
[78]
Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.
[79]
INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.;Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.
[80]
Centro Atómico Bariloche and Instituto Balseiro (CNEA-UNCuyo-CONICET), San Carlos de Bariloche, Argentina.;Departamento de Física and Departamento de Ciencias de la Atmósfera y los Océanos, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires and CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;IFLP, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and CONICET, La Plata, Argentina.;Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio (IAFE, CONICET-UBA), Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Instituto de Física de Rosario (IFIR)-CONICET/U.N.R. and Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas U.N.R., Rosario, Argentina.;Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), and Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Mendoza (CONICET/CNEA), Mendoza, Argentina.;Instituto de Tecnologías en Detección y Astropartículas (CNEA, CONICET, UNSAM), Buenos Aires, Argentina.;International Center of Advanced Studies and Instituto de Ciencias Físicas, ECyT-UNSAM and CONICET, Campus Miguelete-San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;Laboratorio Atmósfera-Departamento de Investigaciones en Láseres y sus Aplicaciones-UNIDEF (CITEDEF-CONICET), Villa Martelli, Argentina.;Observatorio Pierre Auger, Malargüe, Argentina.;Observatorio Pierre Auger and Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Malargüe, Argentina.;Universidad Tecnológica Nacional-Facultad Regional Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.;University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.;Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium.;Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Brussels, Belgium.;Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.;Centro Federal de Educação Tecnológica Celso Suckow da Fonseca, Petropolis, Brazil.;Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro (IFRJ), RJ, Brazil.;Universidade de São Paulo, Escola de Engenharia de Lorena, Lorena, SP, Brazil.;Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.;Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Física, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.;Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), IFGW, Campinas, SP, Brazil.;Universidade Estadual de Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Brazil.;Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologia, Campina Grande, Brazil.;Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil.;Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor Palotina, Palotina, Brazil.;Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Física, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.;Universidad de Medellín, Medellín, Colombia.;Universidad Industrial de Santander, Bucaramanga, Colombia.;Charles University, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Institute of Particle and Nuclear Physics, Prague, Czech Republic.;Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.;Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.;CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, France.;Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Energies (LPNHE), Sorbonne Université, Université de Paris, CNRS-IN2P3, Paris, France.;Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Engineering Univ. Grenoble Alpes, LPSC-IN2P3, 38000 Grenoble, France.;Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS/IN2P3, IJCLab, Orsay, France.;Bergische Universität Wuppertal, Department of Physics, Wuppertal, Germany.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Experimental Particle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institut für Prozessdatenverarbeitung und Elektronik, Karlsruhe, Germany.;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Astroparticle Physics, Karlsruhe, Germany.;RWTH Aachen University, III. Physikalisches Institut A, Aachen, Germany.;Universität Hamburg, II. Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hamburg, Germany.;Universität Siegen, Department Physik-Experimentelle Teilchenphysik, Siegen, Germany.;Gran Sasso Science Institute, L'Aquila, Italy.;INFN Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Assergi (L'Aquila), Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Catania, Catania, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Lecce, Lecce, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Milano, Milano, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Napoli, Napoli, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Roma "Tor Vergata", Roma, Italy.;INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy.;Istituto di Astrofisica Spaziale e Fisica Cosmica di Palermo (INAF), Palermo, Italy.;Osservatorio Astrofisico di Torino (INAF), Torino, Italy.;Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Aerospaziali, Milano, Italy.;Università del Salento, Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E. De Giorgi", Lecce, Italy.;Università dell'Aquila, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche e Chimiche, L'Aquila, Italy.;Università di Catania, Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "Ettore Majorana", Catania, Italy.;Università di Milano, Dipartimento di Fisica, Milano, Italy.;Università di Napoli "Federico II", Dipartimento di Fisica "Ettore Pancini", Napoli, Italy.;Università di Palermo, Dipartimento di Fisica e Chimica "E. Segrè", Palermo, Italy.;Università di Roma "Tor Vergata", Dipartimento di Fisica, Roma, Italy.;Università Torino, Dipartimento di Fisica, Torino, Italy.;Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México.;Unidad Profesional Interdisciplinaria en Ingeniería y Tecnologías Avanzadas del Instituto Politécnico Nacional (UPIITA-IPN), México, D.F., México.;Universidad Autónoma de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, México.;Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo, Morelia, Michoacán, México.;Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F., México.;Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Formales, Arequipa, Peru.;Institute of Nuclear Physics PAN, Krakow, Poland.;University of Łódź, Faculty of High-Energy Astrophysics, Łódź, Poland.;Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas-LIP and Instituto Superior Técnico-IST, Universidade de Lisboa-UL, Lisboa, Portugal.;"Horia Hulubei" National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.;Institute of Space Science, Bucharest-Magurele, Romania.;Center for Astrophysics and Cosmology (CAC), University of Nova Gorica, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.;Experimental Particle Physics Department, J. Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia.;Universidad de Granada and C.A.F.P.E., Granada, Spain.;Instituto Galego de Física de Altas Enerxías (IGFAE), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.;IMAPP, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.;Nationaal Instituut voor Kernfysica en Hoge Energie Fysica (NIKHEF), Science Park, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.;Stichting Astronomisch Onderzoek in Nederland (ASTRON), Dwingeloo, The Netherlands.;Universiteit van Amsterdam, Faculty of Science, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.;Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.;Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado, USA.;Department of Physics and Astronomy, Lehman College, City University of New York, Bronx, New York, USA.;Michigan Technological University, Houghton
[81]
DOI
10.1103/PhysRevLett.134.021001
PMID
39913843
发布时间
2025-02-06
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Physical review letters
Physical review letters
021001页
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