作者单位:Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine University of Pittsburgh[1]Department of Anesthesiology University of North Carolina[2]Department of Anesthesiology Pharmacology and Therapeutics University of British Columbia Vancouver[3]Department of Anesthesiology Perioperative and Pain Medicine Stanford University[4]Cardiothoracic Section Department of Anesthesiology Wake Forest School of Medicine[5]