摘要The main transmission routes of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) include droplet and contact transmission. Airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which aerosol-generating procedures are performed[1]. In 2020, more than 83.4 million confirmed cases of COVID-19, including more than 1.8 million deaths, were reported; in contrast, the numbers of cumulative confirmed cases and deaths in China were only 96,673 and 4,788, respectively[2]. Low temperatures might favor the spread of the disease in some countries and regions[3]. In France, the United Kingdom, Turkey, Italy, Spain, and Germany, COVID-19 spread was inhibited during the summer season, but the sudden increase after October implied that the pandemic rebounded in these areas. In addition, New Year's day, Christmas day, and the Spring Festival in winter are associated with mass gatherings and frequent social activities, such as parliamentary meetings, receptions, and commemorative activities. These gatherings and activities in public places and workplaces can increase the risk of infection with the causative agent of COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2[4]; therefore, more rigorous precautions may be necessary. However, among women and parents, psychological reactions, stress, and overall emotional reactions have been reported to increase with age[5]. Thus, risk-based precautions in public places and workplaces must be focused on to maintain uninterrupted businesses operation, and to limit economic losses and adverse mental effects.