摘要Background : Hypertension and dyslipidemia are considered reversible risk factors for cardiovascular disease. The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of traditional and nontraditional blood lipid profiles on the risk of left ventricular hyper-trophy (LVH) and to explore the superposition effect of dyslipidemia combined with hypertension. Methods : Data on 9134 participants (53.5 ± 10.3 years old) from the Northeast China Rural Cardiovascular Health Study (NCRCHS) were statistically analyzed. The blood lipid profile was measured by total cholesterol (TC), low- density lipoprotein choles-terol (LDL- C), high- density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C), total glyceride (TG), and calculated nontraditional blood lipid indices including non- HDL- C, atherosclerosis index (AI), TC/HDL- C, and residual cholesterol (RC). Results : After the adjustment of age and gender, the odds ratios (ORs) of LVH in pa-tients with hypertension, high LDL- C, high non- HDL- C, high AI, and high TC/HDL- C were 3.97 (3.31– 4.76), 1.27 (1.02– 1.59), 1.21 (1.04– 1.39), 1.33 (1.15– 1.53), and 1.42 (1.22– 1.65), respectively. After full adjustment of potential confounding factors, high AI and TC/HDL- C were associated with LVH rather than traditional blood lipid indices. The combination of hypertension and nontraditional dyslipidemia (defined by high AI and TC/HDL- C) was associated with the highest risk of LVH, especially in participants under 45 years of age. The risk was more significant in men, 5.09- fold and 6.24- fold, respectively, compared with 3.66- fold and 4.01- fold in women. Conclusions : People with dyslipidemia defined by nontraditional blood lipid indices (high AI and high TC/HDL- C) and hypertension were more likely to develop LVH.