摘要Object : Early-l ife neglect has irreversible emotional effects on the central nervous system. In this work, we aimed to elucidate distinct functional neural changes in me-dial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of model rats. Methods : Maternal separation with early weaning was used as a rat model of early- life neglect. The excitation of glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in rat mPFC was recorded and analyzed by whole- cell patch clamp. Results : Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons of mPFC were distinguished by typi-cal electrophysiological properties. The excitation of mPFC glutamatergic neurons was significantly increased in male groups, while the excitation of mPFC GABAergic neurons was significant in both female and male groups, but mainly in terms of rest membrane potential and amplitude, respectively. Conclusions : Glutamatergic and GABAergic neurons in medial prefrontal cortex showed different excitability changes in a rat model of early-l ife neglect, which can contribute to distinct mechanisms for emotional and cognitive manifestations.