摘要Morphine is a widely used analgesic, but its use in clinical precision medicine is lim-ited by the variance in response among individuals. Although previous studies have shown that individual differences in morphine can be explained in terms of pharma-codynamics and pharmacokinetics, genetic polymorphisms also play an important role. However, the genetic basis of different sensitivity and tolerance susceptibility to morphine remains ambiguous. Using 15 strains of inbred Genetic Diversity (GD) mice, a new resource with wide genetic and phenotypic variation, we demonstrated great variance in sensitivity to morphine analgesia and susceptibility to morphine tolerance between different GD strains. Among-i ndividual variance in response to morphine analgesia in the population can be modeled in GD mice. Two loci respectively may be associated with the among-i ndividual variance in morphine sensitivity and tolerance, confirming the role of genetic factors in among-i ndividual different responses to mor-phine. These results indicate that GD mice may be a potential tool for the identifica-tion of new biomarkers to improve the clinical administration of morphine.