摘要Background:Hand,foot and mouth disease(HFMD)is a common infectious disease caused by viral infection by a variety of enteroviruses,with coxsackievirus A 10(CA10)having become more prevalent in recent years.Methods:In this study,models of CA10 infection were established in 7-day-old Institute of Cancer Research(ICR)mice by intraperitoneal injection to analyze the pathogenicity of the virus.RNA sequencing analysis was used to screen the differentially expressed genes(DEGs)after CA10 infection.Coxsackievirus A 16(CA16)and enterovirus 71(EV71)infections were also compared with CA10.Results:After CA10 virus infection,the mice showed paralysis of the hind limbs at 3 days post infection and weight loss at 5 days post infection.We observed viral replication in various tissues and severe inflammatory cell infiltration in skeletal muscle.The RNA-sequencing analysis showed that the DEGs in blood,muscle,thymus and spleen showed heterogeneity after CA10 infection and the most up-regulated DEGs in muscle were enriched in immune-related pathways.Compared with CA16 and EV71 infection,CA10 may have an inhibitory effect on T helper(Th)cell differentiation and cell growth.Additionally,the common DEGs in the three viruses were most enriched in the immune system response,including the Toll-like receptor pathway and the nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain(NOD)-like pathway.Conclusions:Our findings revealed a group of genes that coordinate in response to CA10 infection,which increases our understanding of the pathological mechanism of HFMD.