摘要In recent years,the use of insect meal in feed has been regarded as an important alternative to fishmeal.Defatted black soldier fly larvae meal(BSFLM),derived from Hermetia illucens,is a promising fishmeal alternative in aquafeeds for various aquatic species.However,its potential as a protein source in diets for the giant freshwater prawn(Macrobrachium rosenbergii)remains underexplored.This study provides a systematic evaluation of BSFLM as a fishmeal substitute in M.rosenbergii diets,assessing growth performance,nutrient digestibility,hepatopancreatic biochemistry,intestinal microbiota composition,and phosphorus discharge.Five isonitrogenous experimental diets were formulated,with BSFLM replacing 0(control,BSFLM0),10％(BSFLM10),20％(BSFLM20),40％(BSFLM40),or 80％(BSFLM80)of dietary fishmeal.A total of 900 juvenile prawns(initial weight 0.25±0.03 g,40-d-old)were fed experimental diets.They were reared in 300-L tanks(60 prawns/tank,3 replicates/group)and fed to satiation twice daily for 8 weeks.Each tank was treated as an independent experimental unit for sta-tistical analysis.Growth performance(survival,weight gain,and feed conversion ratio)did not differ significantly among groups(P＞0.05).BSFLM40 and BSFLM80 groups showed significantly improved phosphorus retention efficiency(14.57％to 19.24％)and deposition rate(13.69％to 18.16％),alongside reduced phosphorus waste(P＜0.05).Intestinal digestive enzyme activities(trypsin,amylase,and lipase)were significantly upregulated at 40％to 80％BSFLM inclusion(P＜0.05).BSFLM-fed prawns exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacity(total superoxide dismutase activity was significantly elevated,P＜0.001)with stable hepatopancreatic malondialdehyde levels(P=0.343).Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential expression of nutrient metabolism(involving in the insulin signaling pathway and mineral absorption pathway)and immune response genes(associating with phagosome activity and antigen processing/presentation)in BSFLM20 vs.control.BSFLM inclusion altered intestinal microbiota:BSFLM10 enriched Firmicutes abundance,while BSFLM40 increased Agromyces abundance(P＜0.05).BSFLM-fed prawns displayed enhanced intestinal morphology(villus height and muscularis thickness increased,P＜0.001).In summary,BSFLM can replace up to 80％of fishmeal in M.rosenbergii diets without compromising growth.Moderate replacement(10％to 20％)enhanced antioxidant capacity and optimized microbiota;higher levels(40％to 80％)improved digestive function,reduced phosphorus discharge,and stimulated chitinolytic bacteria,confirming BSFLM as a nutritionally balanced and environmentally sustainable fishmeal alternative in M.rosenbergii aquaculture.