摘要Despite recent improvements to current therapies and the emergence of novel agents to manage advanced non-smal celllung cancer (NSCLC), the patients′overal survival remains poor. Re-chal enging with first-line chemotherapy upon relapse is common in the management of smal celllung cancer but is not wel reported for advanced NSCLC. NSCLC relapse has been attributed to acquired drug resistance, but the repopulation of sensitive clones may also play a role, in which case re-chal enge may be appropriate. Here, we report the results of re-chal enge with gemcitabine plus carboplatin in 22 patients from a single institution who had previously received gemcitabine plus platinum in the first-line setting and had either partial response or a progression-free interval of longer than 6 months. In this retrospective study, the charts of patients who underwent second-line chemotherapy for NSCLC in our cancer center between January 2005 and April 2010 were reviewed. Al the patients who received a combination of gemcitabine and carboplatin for re-challenge were included in the study. These patients were offered second-line treatment on confirmation of clear radiological disease progression. The overall response rate was 15%and disease control rate was 75%. The median survival time was 10.4 months, with 46%of patients alive at 1 year. These results suggest that re-chal enge chemotherapy should be considered in selected patients with radiological partial response or a progression-free survival of longer than 6 months to the initial therapy.