摘要The nuclear pore complex(NPC),the sole exchange channel between the nucleus and cytoplasm,is composed of several subcomplexes,among which the central barrier determines the permeability/selec-tivity of the NPC to dominate the nucleocytoplasmic trafficking essential for many important signaling events in yeast and mammals.How plant NPC central barrier controls selective transport is a crucial ques-tion remaining to be elucidated.In this study,we uncovered that phase separation of the central barrier is critical for the permeability and selectivity of plant NPC in the regulation of various biotic stresses.Pheno-typic assays of nup62 mutants and complementary lines showed that NUP62 positively regulates plant de-fense against Botrytis cinerea,one of the world's most disastrous plant pathogens.Furthermore,in vivo imaging and in vitro biochemical evidence revealed that plant NPC central barrier undergoes phase sepa-ration to regulate selective nucleocytoplasmic transport of immune regulators,as exemplified by MPK3,essential for plant resistance to B.cinerea.Moreover,genetic analysis demonstrated that NPC phase sep-aration plays an important role in plant defense against fungal and bacterial infection as well as insect attack.These findings reveal that phase separation of the NPC central barrier serves as an important mech-anism to mediate nucleocytoplasmic transport of immune regulators and activate plant defense against a broad range of biotic stresses.