摘要There are currently more than 100 million patients with liver disease in China,and 300 000 patients are estimated to be di-agnosed with end-stage liver diseases each year.Since Dr.Starzl,a professor from the University of Pittsburgh,completed the first liver transplant in 1963,liver transplantation has been recognized as the only effective treatment for patients with end-stage liver disease.Liver transplantation has progressed rapidly in China re-cently in terms of surgical techniques and perioperative manage-ment.China now is the second largest liver transplantation coun-try in the world,with 5000-6000 liver transplantations each year.It has been reported that 24 423 adult patients underwent liver transplantation in China between 2015 and 2020[1].However,ac-cording to the database of China Liver Transplant Registry(CLTR)in 2020,the 1-and 5-year survival rates were 84％and 71％,and were 93.6％and 81.2％in the USA in the same time period in the United Network for Organ Sharing/Organ Procurement and Trans-plantation Network(UNOS/OPTN)[2,3].Therefore,there is still a room to improve in China.