摘要Background:The risk factors for the recurrent choledocholithiasis after endoscopic retrograde cholan-giopancreatography(ERCP)have not been well studied.The aim of this study was to explore the risk factors of recurrent choledocholithiasis.Methods:We carried out a retrospective analysis of data collected between January 1,2010 and January 1,2020.Univariate analysis and multivariate analysis were used to explore the independent risk factors of recurrent choledocholithiasis following therapeutic ERCP.Results:In total,598 patients were eventually selected for analysis,299 patients in the recurrent choledo-cholithiasis group and 299 patients in the control group.The overall rate of recurrent choledocholithiasis was 6.91％.Multivariate analysis showed that diabetes[odds ratio(OR)=3.677,95％confidence inter-val(CI):1.875-7.209;P＜0.001],fatty liver(OR=4.741,95％Cl:1.205-18.653;P=0.026),liver cir-rhosis(OR=3.900,95％CI:1.358-11.201;P=0.011),history of smoking(OR=3.773,95％CI:2.060-6.908;P＜0.001),intrahepatic bile duct stone(OR=4.208,95％Cl:2.220-7.976;P＜0.001),biliary stent(OR=2.996,95％CI:1.870-4.800;P＜0.001),and endoscopic papillary balloon dilation(EPBD)(OR=3.009,95％CI:1.921-4.715;P＜0.001)were independent risk factors of recurrent choledocholithi-asis.However,history of drinking(OR=0.183,95％CI:0.099-0.337;P＜0.001),eating light food fre-quently(OR=0.511,95％CI:0.343-0.760;P=0.001),and antibiotic use before ERCP(OR=0.315,95％Cl:0.200-0.497;P＜0.001)were independent protective factors of recurrent choledocholithiasis.Conclusions:Patients with the abovementioned risk factors are more likely to have recurrent CBD stones.Patients who eat light food frequently and have a history of drinking are less likely to present with recurrent CBD calculi.