摘要Gallbladder cancer(GBC)is the most common malignant tumor in the biliary system,characterized by high malignancy,aggressiveness,and poor prognosis.Early diagnosis holds paramount importance in ameliorating therapeutic outcomes.Presently,the clinical diagnosis of GBC primarily relies on clinical-radiological-pathological approach.However,there remains a potential for missed diagnosis and misdi-agnose in the realm of clinical practice.We firstly analyzed the blood-based biomarkers,such as carci-noembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9.Subsequently,we evaluated the diagnostic perfor-mance of various imaging modalities,including ultrasound(US),endoscopic ultrasound(EUS),computed tomography(CT),magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),positron emission tomography/computed tomog-raphy(PET/CT)and pathological examination,emphasizing their strengths and limitations in detecting early-stage GBC.Furthermore,we explored the potential of emerging technologies,particularly artificial intelligence(AI)and liquid biopsy,to revolutionize GBC diagnosis.AI algorithms have demonstrated im-proved image analysis capabilities,while liquid biopsy offers the promise of non-invasive and real-time monitoring.However,the translation of these advancements into clinical practice necessitates further val-idation and standardization.The review highlighted the advantages and limitations of current diagnostic approaches and underscored the need for innovative strategies to enhance diagnostic accuracy of GBC.In addition,we emphasized the importance of multidisciplinary collaboration to improve early diagnosis of GBC and ultimately patient outcomes.This review endeavoured to impart fresh perspectives and insights into the early diagnosis of GBC.