摘要贲门失弛缓症是一种食管病变导致运动障碍的疾病，表现为食管蠕动紊乱和下食管括约肌功能丧失，吞咽困难是其主要症状。该病发病率低，在北美一项基于人群的研究中，经治疗的贲门失弛缓症的发病率和患病率分别为1.63/10万和10.82/10万。但该病严重影响生活质量，且目前尚不清楚特发性贲门失弛缓症是单一病因还是由多种病因引起的综合征，其发病可能与自身免疫及细胞因子、病毒感染、遗传因素和神经退行性变等密切相关。因此，积极寻找病因，针对病因开发新型治疗方式，从根本上治疗疾病显得尤为重要，本文就目前与贲门失弛缓症相关的病因做一综述。

abstractsAchalasia is one kind of esophageal dysfunctional diseases, which is manifested as esophageal peristalsis disorder and loss of lower esophageal sphincter function. The main symptom is dysphagia. The incidence of this disease is low. In a population-based study in North America, the incidence and prevalence of treated achalasia are separately as 1.63 per 100 000 and 10.82 per 100 000. However, this disease seriously affects the quality of life. Although the mechanism of idiopathic achalasia is not clear, as a syndrome by a single cause or multiple causes, the etiology may be closely related to autoimmunity, cytokines, viral infections, genetic factors, and neurodegeneration. Therefore, it is particularly important to find out the causes actively, develop new etiological treatments, and treat the disease fundamentally. This article reviews the current causes of achalasia.