摘要This study explored how the Swedish Fire and Rescue Service identifies problems and implements necessary actions dur-ing complex problem-solving in emergencies,aiming to increase our understanding of this process.Primary and secondary data from large-scale fire events were analyzed,including semistructured interviews and incident reports.The concept of"possibility space"is applied to identify factors affecting complex problem-solving.This refers to the scope of action avail-able at a specific point in time for a particular operation.The study identified eight factors,including problem identification,incident development,capability,collaboration,management,legal framework,logistics,and time available,that could either decrease or increase the scope of action.The findings contribute to an increased understanding of complex problem-solving in real-world environments and suggest that the possibility space could be a valuable tool for practitioners in enhancing problem-solving during emergency response.