摘要The spread of AIDS and increasing use of immunosuppressive therapy have led to a yearly increase in the inci-dence of immunodeficiency-associated pneumonia(IAP).The pathogenic spectrum,clinical features,and prog-nosis of IAP differ significantly from those of pneumonia in populations without immunodeficiency.Traditional classifications and guidelines for pneumonia,such as community-acquired,hospital-acquired,and ventilator-as-sociated pneumonia,offer limited guidance for the clinical management of IAP,especially in newly diagnosed individuals who are unaware of their immunodeficient status.On the basis of these considerations,this article pro-vides a detailed overview of the general concepts and types of immunodeficiency,pathogen spectrum of IAP,and clinical characteristics and treatment principles of common IAPs,providing a reference for clinical practice.