摘要Recent advancements in the prevention and management of chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection in children have significantly improved clinical outcomes.This review focuses on recent progress in antiviral treatment reg-imens for children with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B in the immune clearance phase and HBeAg-positive HBV infection in the immune tolerance phase.Additionally,we examine the role of early antiviral intervention in infants with acute or chronic HBV infection,highlighting factors that influence the likelihood of achieving clinical cure in children with chronic HBV.We further discuss the importance of timely decision-making in initiating anti-viral therapy for pediatric patients and identify unresolved challenges and unmet needs in this evolving field.