摘要目的:了解石家庄地区住院儿童肺炎病例病原谱和流行特征。方法:收集2018—2019年河北省某儿童医院住院肺炎患儿的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本200例，采用多重PCR方法检测28种呼吸道病原体。结果:200例标本中病原阳性184例，总检出率为92.00%，共检出23种病原，前五位病原依次为肺炎链球菌（41.00%）、肺炎支原体（39.50%）、流感嗜血杆菌（20.50%）、鼻病毒（11.50%）、副流感病毒3型（9.50%）。不同年龄组检出呼吸道病原体种类不同，呼吸道细菌和病毒在婴幼儿组（3岁以下）检出种类及检出率均较高，非典型病原检出主要为肺炎支原体（96.34%），以3岁以上儿童为主。呼吸道病毒和细菌的检出高峰为4月份，非典型病原体检出高峰为9月份。不同病原体流行的季节不同。混合感染101例，以肺炎链球菌、肺炎支原体混合其他病原感染最常见，检出高峰为冬春季，幼儿组检出率最高。结论:2018—2019年石家庄地区肺炎住院儿童病原谱构成复杂，以肺炎链球菌、肺炎支原体、流感嗜血杆菌、鼻病毒、副流感病毒3型为主。

abstractsObjective:To investigate pathological spectrum and prevalence characters of pneumonia in Shijiazhuang area.Methods:The bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) specimens were collected from 200 hospitalized pediatric patients in a children's hospital of Hebei province. All specimens were detected by multiplex RT-PCR for 28 pathogens of respiratory infections.Results:Among 200 cases of pneumonia, 184 cases were positive for respiratory pathogens with an overall positive rate of 92.00%. Twenty-three pathogens were detected and the top 5 pathogens were Streptococcus pneumoniae (41%), Mycoplasma pneumoniae (39.50%), Haemophilus influenzae (20.50%), Rhinovims (11.50%) and Parainfluenza virus type 3 (9.50%). The types of respiratory pathogens detected were different in various age groups. The species and detection rate of respiratory bacteria and viruses were higher in the infant group. M. pneumoniae (96.34%) was the most common pathogen among atypical pathogens, mainly in children over 3 years old. The peak of detection for respiratory bacteria and viruses was in April while the peak for atypical pathogens was in September. Different pathogens were prevalent in different seasons. There were 101 cases of mixed infection, and co-infections by S. pneumoniae or M. pneumoniae with other pathogens were the most common. The detection peak was in winter and spring, and the detection rate was the highest in the infant group. Conclusions:The pathogenic spectrum of pneumonia among hospitalized children in Shijiazhuang from 2018 to 2019 was complicate, mainly S. pneumoniae, M. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, Rhinovims and Parainfluenza virus type 3.