摘要噪声可引起多系统损害,其中对听觉系统的永久性损害最为严重.全球约5％～12％人口表现为不同程度的噪声性聋.噪声损害初期多表现为轻度耳鸣、隐性听力损失或暂时性高频听力损失;随着噪声接触时间的延长,耳鸣和听力损失加重,最终导致永久性听力损失,同时引起言语识别阈提高和言语识别率减低;部分患者还可出现失眠、焦虑、眩晕、头痛等症状.因此,重视噪声性听力损害,对噪声接触人群进行早期筛查具有重要意义.本文通过分析国内外研究现状,将噪声性聋的早期筛查方法归纳为畸变产物耳声发射测试、高频纯音测听、言语测听、互联网筛查、耳鸣评估、心理健康水平评估和易感基因筛查等,为临床应用提供参考依据.

abstractsNoise can cause multi-system damage, of which permanent damage to the auditory system is the most serious and about 5％-12％ of the world's population exhibit varying degrees of noise. In the early stage of noise damage could cause mild tinnitus, hidden hearing loss or temporary high frequency hearing loss; as the increase of noise exposure time of, tinnitus and hearing loss aggravated, resulting in permanent hearing loss, meanwhile, can cause increase of speech recognition threshold and decrease of speech recognition score; some patients may also have symptoms such as insomnia, anxiety, dizziness, and headache. Therefore, early screening of people exposed to noise is important. Analyze the research overview related that, then classify the early screening technique of noise-induced hearing loss into DPOAE test, high frequency pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, internet screening, tinnitus assessment, mental health level assessment and susceptibility gene screening, which provides a reference for clinical applications.