摘要肺炎链球菌感染为儿童常见的呼吸系统疾病，其所引起的侵袭性肺炎链球菌性疾病（invasive pneumococcal disease, IPD）是全球儿童死亡的重要原因之一。肺炎链球菌疫苗的使用在一定程度上对儿童起到保护作用，但致病力强、耐药性高的肺炎链球菌非疫苗血清型（non-vaccine type,NVT）的流行，对儿童健康造成严重威胁。由于各地区疫苗接种及抗生素使用等情况的不同，各地区NVT分布也存在一定的差异。该文对肺炎链球菌的致病过程、NVT的产生机制、各地区NVT的分布及致病情况进行综述，以期充分认识NVT的致病性及危害，为卫生策略调整提供数据支持，为临床诊疗以及未来疫苗的研发和使用提供参考。

abstractsStreptococcus pneumoniae infection is a common respiratory disease in children. Globally，invasive pneumococcal disease（IPD），which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection，is one of the leading causes of death in children. The use of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine has provided protection for children to some extent，but the prevalence of pathogenic and drug-resistant non-vaccine type（NVT）Streptococcus pneumoniae poses a grave threat to children's health. Due to the different use of vaccines and antibiotics in different regions，there are regional variations in the NVT distribution. This paper reviews the pathogenic process of Streptococcus pneumoniae，the mechanism of NVT production，the geographical distribution and the pathogenic condition of NVT，in order to fully understand the pathogenicity and harm of NVT，to provide data support for the adjustment of health strategy，and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment and future vaccine development and use.