摘要放射性碘（RAI）治疗是分化型甲状腺癌（DTC）的主要治疗方法之一，其治疗效果主要与肿瘤病灶对RAI的摄取能力及肿瘤细胞对射线的敏感性有关。对RAI治疗反应评估为疗效不满意的患者，可以通过上述2个方向来改善其对RAI治疗的敏感性。笔者通过分析近年来影响DTC患者RAI治疗的相关信号通路及分子机制，总结了影响RAI摄取的包括钠碘同向转运体（NIS）表达及质膜定位的相关机制，以及影响RAI放射敏感性的DNA损伤修复等机制，以期为DTC患者内照射增敏治疗的基础及临床研究提供参考。

abstractsRadioactive iodine (RAI) therapy is one of the critical treatments for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC). The therapeutic effect is mainly related to the uptake ability of tumor lesions to RAI and radiosensitivity of the tumor cells. The sensitivity to RAI therapy may be improved by the two aforementioned directions in patients who are unsatisfactory in the evaluation of response to RAI therapy. By analyzing the relevant signaling pathways and molecular mechanisms that affect RAI therapy in DTC patients in recent years, the authors summarize the relevant mechanisms affecting RAI uptake, including sodium iodide symporter (NIS) expression and plasma membrane localization, as well as the DNA damage repair mechanisms that affect the radiosensitivity of RAI. It is expected to provide direction for the basic and clinical research of internal irradiation sensitization therapy for DTC patients.