摘要由于早期常规预防卡氏肺孢子菌肺炎(PJP)和高效逆转录抗病毒药物的使用,获得性免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)型肺孢子菌肺炎的发生率在明显减少.而近年来随着新型免疫抑制剂、肿瘤放化疗、糖皮质激素以及各种器官移植等的开展,非HIV型肺孢子菌肺炎发病率逐年增加.该病临床表现不典型、进展迅速,常常延误诊断和治疗,病死率较高,逐渐引起临床医生的广泛关注和重视,早期诊断和治疗可以改善预后,提高生存率.本文结合国内外文献对非HIV型肺孢子菌肺炎的最新诊治研究进展进行综述,希望提高对本病的认识,对临床实践有指导意义.

abstractsDue to the early prevention of Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) and the use of high-efficiency reverse transcription antiviral drugs,the incidence of infection with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in acquired immunodeficiency virus (HIV) patients was significantly reduced.However,in recent years,with the development of new immunosuppressants,tumor radiotherapy and chemotherapy,glucocorticoids and a variety of organ transplantation,the incidence of infection with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-human HIV patients has been increased year by year.This disease does not have typical clinical manifestations,and due to its rapid growth,it is often delayed for diagnosis and treatment and causes high mortality,which has been gradually paid wide attention from clinical doctors.Early treatment and diagnosis can improve the prognosis and increase the survival rate.In this paper,the latest diagnosis and treatment studies in domestic and foreign literature on the infection with pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in non-HIV patients are reviewed,in hope of improving people's understanding of the disease and providing guidance for the clinical practice.