摘要肺部 1H质子密度极低，导致传统 1H磁共振成像(MRI)的成像质量较差。惰性气体经过超极化，极化度增高，气体MRI信号敏感度增强。新兴超极化气体MRI成像技术不仅可以显示肺结构形态学改变，还可以纵向检测肺通气和气体交换功能，具有非侵入、可视化、无辐射的独特优势，有助于慢性气道疾病的早期功能评估、高危人群筛查、病情监测及疗效评估。本文就超极化气体MRI成像技术在哮喘、慢性阻塞性肺疾病及肺间质性疾病中的研究进展进行综述。

abstractsDue to the extremely low 1H proton density of lung, traditional 1H MRI imaging quality is rather poor.When the inert gas is hyperpolarized, the polarization degree is increased, and thus the gas MRI signal sensitivity is enhanced.This emerging hyperpolarized gas MRI imaging technology can not only show the changes in lung structure, but also detect lung ventilation and gas exchange functions longitudinally.It has the unique advantages of non-invasiveness, visualization, and non-radiation, which is helpful for early functional assessment of the patients with chronic airway diseases, high risk population screening, disease monitoring, and efficacy evaluation of chronic airway diseases.This article aims at reviewing the progress of pulmonary MRI with hyperpolarized gases in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and interstitial lung disease.