摘要肺孢子菌肺炎(PCP)是一种严重的机会性感染疾病，随着诊疗技术的不断进步，在人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者中PCP已得到一定的控制，但PCP却逐渐成为肿瘤放化疗、免疫治疗、器官移植术后抗排异治疗，以及自身免疫性疾病治疗等所致免疫功能低下或免疫功能受损人群越来越常见的死亡原因。全球范围内PCP的研究热点正在从HIV-PCP向非HIV-PCP转变。本文将分析研究趋势的改变情况，并重点关注HIV-PCP与非HIV-PCP发病机制、临床表现的比较，以及非HIV-PCP危险因素的识别、诊治、预防进展，并探讨PCP研究的新方向。

abstractsPneumocystis carinii pneumonia(PCP) is a severe opportunistic infection disease.With the emerging diagnosis and treatment technologies, PCP has been controlled in human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) infected patients.PCP has gradually become a common cause of death in people with low or impaired immune function caused by tumor radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, anti-rejection treatment after organ transplantation, and treatment of autoimmune diseases.The research focus of PCP globally is shifting from HIV-PCP to non-HIV-PCP.This article analyzed the changes in research trends and focused on the comparative study of the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations of HIV-PCP and non-HIV-PCP, the identification of risk factors, diagnosis, and prevention for non-HIV-PCP, and the exploration of new directions in PCP research.