摘要目的:系统评价肺间质异常（ILA）的患病率和危险因素。方法:检索Web of Science核心数据库、PubMed、Embase和Cochrane Library数据库，收集有关ILA患病率和危险因素的公开发表文献，检索词包括“interstitial lung abnormalities”“early interstitial lung disease”“early ILD”“subclinical interstitial lung disease”“subclinical ILD”“early phase interstitial change”“idiopathic interstitial pneumonia”“interstitial lung disease”“early parenchymal lung disease”“subclinical parenchymal lung disease”等，检索时间为建库至2024年10月。由2名研究者独立进行文献筛选、数据提取和文献质量评价。使用Review Manager 5.4软件和Stata 17.0软件进行meta分析。结果:本研究最终纳入32篇文献。meta分析结果显示，在总体人群中ILA的患病率为11%（95% CI：9%～14%），在一般人群中ILA的患病率为10%（95% CI：8%～12%），在肺癌筛查人群中ILA的患病率为10%（95% CI：4%～17%），在肺癌患者中ILA的患病率为16%（95% CI：11%～21%）。亚洲人群ILA患病率为7%（95% CI：4%～9%），欧洲人群ILA患病率为8%（95% CI：3%～13%），北美洲人群ILA患病率为14%（95% CI：9%～19%）。男性患ILA的风险高于女性（ OR＝1.40，95% CI：1.19～1.65， P＜0.001），有吸烟史者患ILA的风险高于无吸烟史者（ OR＝1.98，95% CI：1.33～2.95， P＜0.001），携带MUC5B变异等位基因者患ILA的风险高于非携带者（ OR＝2.09，95% CI：1.67～2.62， P＜0.001）。 结论:ILA在人群中的总患病率约为11%，尤其在肺癌患者中患病率较高。男性、有吸烟史与携带MUC5B变异等位基因是ILA发生的危险因素。

abstractsObjective:This study aims to systematically evaluate the prevalence of interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) and its risk factors.Methods:Publicly available literatures on the prevalence of ILA and its risk factors published before October 2024 were searched in the Web of Science Core Collection,PubMed,Embase,and Cochrane Library databases.The search terms included "interstitial lung abnormalities","early interstitial lung disease","early ILD","subclinical interstitial lung disease","subclinical ILD","early phase interstitial change","idiopathic interstitial pneumonia","interstitial lung disease","early parenchymal lung disease","subclinical parenchymal lung disease",etc.Two researchers independently conducted literature screening,data extraction,and quality assessment.Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 17.0 software.Results:A total of 32 articles were included.The meta-analysis results showed that the prevalence of ILA was 11% (95% CI:9%-14%) in the overall population,10% (95% CI:8%-12%) in the general population,10% (95% CI:4%-17%) in the lung cancer screening population,and 16% (95% CI:11%-21%) in lung cancer patients.The prevalence of ILA was 7% (95% CI:4%-9%) in Asian population, 8% (95% CI:3%-13%) in European population,and 14% (95% CI:9%-19%) in North American population.The risk of ILA was significantly higher in males than in females ( OR＝1.40,95% CI:1.19-1.65, P＜0.001),and higher in individuals with a history of smoking than in those without ( OR＝1.98,95% CI:1.33-2.95, P＜0.001).Moreover,the risk of ILA was significantly higher in carriers of the MUC5B variant allele than in non-carriers ( OR＝2.09,95% CI:1.67-2.62, P＜0.001). Conclusions:The overall prevalence of ILA is approximately 11%,with a notably higher prevalence among lung cancer patients.Male gender,smoking history,and carrying the MUC5B variant allele are risk factors for the development of ILA.