摘要前列腺癌是男性健康的主要杀手。临床研究表明，随着抗雄治疗的普遍应用，前列腺癌(prostate cancer，PCa)患者生存期中大部分时间均处于去势抵抗阶段。去势抵抗性神经内分泌前列腺癌(castration-resistant neuroendocrine PCa，CRPC-NE)是去势抵抗性前列腺癌(castration-resistant PCa，CRPC)的少见亚型及难治亚型，该病致死率高，治疗难度极大。科研人员为提高CRPC-NE的生存率对其机制进行了探索，发现N-MYC、RB1/TP53、TMPRSS2-ERG等一系列基因的改变与CRPC-NE的演进息息相关，并认为SPDEF的显著超甲基化可促进CRPC-NE的进展。研究人员尝试依据现有的分子生物学变化制定治疗方案，研发出了Alisertib等新型靶向药物，并尝试通过CD46等免疫靶点及IFN-β1a等细胞因子对CRPC-NE进行精准治疗，以期提高患者的生存率与生存时间。

abstractsProstate cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death rate among men. The results of clinical trials demonstrate that metastatic castration-resistant PCa makes up most of survival time. CRPC-NE is the rare subset as well as the refractory subset of CRPC, which is short for Castration-resistant neuroendocrine PCa. CRPC-NE has high fatality rate and difficult to cure. Researchers explore the alterations of tumor cells to rise the survival rate of CRPC-NE and figure out some genes, like N-MYC, RB1/TP53, TMPRSS2-ERG and SPDEF, leading to the evolution of CRPC-NE. Institutions struggle to find out the effective treatment according to the existing findings. Finally, researchers find targeted drugs including Aliserti and try to use CD46 as well as IFN-β1a to meet requirement of precise treatment.