摘要目的 探讨丙泊酚、芬太尼全麻诱导前预注射麻黄素和维库溴铵对维库溴铵的起效时间和诱导后血流动力学的影响.方法 48例全麻下行择期手术的成年患者,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,按随机数余数分组法分成4组,每组12例.在麻醉诱导前预先静注:Ⅰ组麻黄素70μg/kg和0.01 mg/kg维库溴铵、Ⅱ组0.01 mg/kg维库溴铵、Ⅲ组麻黄素70μg/kg和Ⅳ组生理盐水对照组,预注4 min后,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组静注维库溴铵0.09 mg/kg,Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组静注维库溴铵0.1 mg/kg.2 min后行气管插管并评价插管条件,四个成串刺激评价维库溴铵的起效时间.同时观察麻醉诱导前后及气管插管后5 min内患者心率(HR)和平均动脉压(MAP)的变化.结果 Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组、Ⅳ组的维库溴铵的起效时间分别为(99±13)、(131±24)、(143±20)、(185±26)s,Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组的起效时间明显短于Ⅳ组(P＜0.001),Ⅰ组的起效时间较Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组短(P＜0.005).插管条件Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组、Ⅲ组明显优于Ⅳ组(P＜0.05).麻黄素处理组的患者较未用麻黄素预处理组HR略有增快,各组诱导前后的MAP差异无统计学意义.结论 丙泊酚全麻诱导前预注麻黄素与维库溴铵能更有效缩短维库溴铵的起效时间,其效果优于单用维庠溴铵预注和单用麻黄素预处理.全麻诱导前麻黄素预处理对丙泊酚诱导时造成的低血压无明显影响.

abstractsObjective To evaluate the effect of vecuronium priming, ephedrine pretreatment, and vecuronium priming combined with ephedrine pretreatment on the onset time of neuromuscular blockade of vecuronium, intubation conditions and their hemodynamic effects during induction period. Methods Forty-eight adult patients with ASA grade Ⅰ or Ⅱ , scheduled for elective surgery were randomly allocated to four groups with 12 cases in each. Just 3 min before induction, the patients were injected with ephedrine 70 μg/kg and vecuronium priming 0.01 mg/kg in group Ⅰ , vecuronium 0.01 mg/kg in group Ⅱ , ephedrine 70 μg/kg in groupⅢ, and normal saline 0.5 ml in group Ⅳ. Followed by a four min priming or/and pretreatment interval, the intubation dose of vecuronium was injected (vecuronium 0.09 mg/kg in group Ⅰ and group Ⅱ , vecuronium 0.1 mg/kg in group Ⅲ and Ⅳ ). The neuromuscular block was monitor by acceleromyography (TOF Watch SX, Organon) using train of four stimulation (TOF) every 15 s.Endotracheal intubation was performed by a blinded investigator in 2 min. Time to maximal twitch depression was recorded, Intubation conditions were assessed, heart rate and mean blood pressure were observed and recorded as well right before the induction, 1 min after the induction and every minute after endotracheal intubation for 5 min. Results The onset times in group Ⅰ , Ⅱ , Ⅲ and Ⅳwere (99±13), (131±24), (143±20) and (185±26) s, respectively. The onset time of vecuronium in group Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly shorter than that in group Ⅳ (P＜0.001). The onset time of vecuronium in group Ⅰ was faster than that in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ (P＜0.005). The intubation conditions were better in group Ⅰ , Ⅱ and Ⅲ than those in groupⅣ.There were no significant change in mean blood pressure during the induction in all patients, but heart rates in group Ⅰ , Ⅲ (both with ephedrine pretreatment) were much higher( P＜0.05 ). Conclusion Either vecuronium priming or ephedrine pretreatment can shorten the onset time of vecuronium. The combination of vecuronium priming with ephedrine pretreatment accelerates the onset of vecuronium; In combination with ephedrine, it has no effect on hypotension induced by propofol injection.