摘要背景 神经病理性疼痛(neuropathic pain,NPP)是由躯体感觉神经系统损伤或疾病导致的慢性疼痛,严重影响患者的生活质量,然而当前NPP的治疗效果较为局限. 目的 对近年来NPP研究的新进展进行综述,拟对NPP的研究进展中所涉及的发病机制进行归类及分析,以助于研究新的治疗策略. 内容 多种原因导致的外周敏化和中枢敏化是NPP发生的主要原因.在外周神经系统,神经炎症反应、氧化应激以及外周神经元离子通道的改变介导外周敏化的产生;在中枢神经系统,兴奋性氨基酸及其受体表达增加,抑制性氨基酸表达减少以及小胶质细胞、星形胶质细胞的活化参与中枢敏化的产生. 趋向阐明NPP的发生机制对于今后靶向药物的研发及缓解患者的疼痛具有重要意义.

abstractsBackground Neuropathic pain(NPP)is a common chronic pain caused by somatic sensory nervous system injury or disease, which affects the quality of patients′ life seriously. However, the current treatment of NPP is limited. Objective This article aims to classify the pathogenesis of NPP through a review of the latest researches, which can be helpful to the study of new therapeutic strategies. Content Peripheral sensitization and central sensitization caused by various factors after nerve injury are the main reasons for the development of NPP. Peripheral sensitization is mediated by neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and the change of peripheral neuronal ion channels,in the central nervous system,increased expression of excitatory amino acids and their receptors, decreased expression of inhibitory amino acids and activation of microglia and astrocytes are involved in central sensitization. Trend It is of great significance to clarify the mechanism of NPP for the future development of targeted drugs and pain releasement.