摘要作为一种重要的细胞代谢产物，α-酮戊二酸（AKG）具有多种生物学效应，包括抗氧化应激、稳定代谢、调节免疫、促进自噬、参与表观遗传学修饰等，对于保持机体正常运作至关重要。因此，补充AKG有望成为保护人体多种器官、促进并维持人体健康的一种安全、有效的辅助治疗方法。文章系统综述了AKG的合成途径、给药方式及其通过清除活性氧、调节巨噬细胞极化、激活同源性磷酸酶张力蛋白诱导激酶1（PINK1）/帕金森基因（Parkin）介导的线粒体自噬、调控烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸（NAD +）水平和代谢重编程等多重机制发挥器官保护作用的分子基础，旨在为AKG的基础理论研究和临床应用转化提供科学参考。

abstractsAs an essential cellular metabolite, α-ketoglutarate (AKG) exhibits diverse biological effects, encompassing antioxidant stress response, metabolic stabilization, immune modulation, autophagy promotion, and involvement in epigenetic modification, etc. It is essential for the normal operation of the organism. Consequently, supplementing AKG is a promising safe and effective adjunctive therapeutic approach for safeguarding multiple organs in the human body so as to promote as well as maintain human health. This review summarizes the biosynthesis pathways and administration methods of AKG, as well as its multiple mechanisms of organ protection, including scavenging reactive oxygen species, regulating macrophage polarization, activating phosphatase and tensin homolog-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy, and modulating nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD +) levels and metabolic reprogramming, aiming to provide scientific reference for the basic theoretical research and clinical application transformation of AKG.