摘要为了能够防止对侧乳腺癌的发生从而避免产生相关的治疗和死亡，越来越多的单侧乳腺癌患者接受了预防性对侧乳房切除术(CPM)，CPM在高风险人群中已经被认为能够获益，比如对于绝经前的 BRCA1/2基因突变携带者。目前针对 BCRA基因突变接受CPM已经达成了共识，尚无法证明CPM在其他人群中的生存获益，但CPM能够减少95%发生对侧乳腺癌的风险。所以个体化地评估患者发生对侧乳腺癌的风险和合理地制定相应的手术治疗是十分重要的。本文主要综述了发生对侧乳腺癌的危险因素并且探讨单侧乳腺癌患者施行CPM的获益。

abstractsA growing number of people with unilateral breast cancer have chosen to undergo contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in order to prevent the occurrence of second primary breast cancer and thus avoid associated treatment and death. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy has been considered beneficial in high-risk populations, such as premenopausal BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. As a result, contralateral prophylactic mastectomy acceptance in patients with no such mutation is controversial. Contralateral prophylactic mastectomy can reduce the risk by up to 95%. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the risk of contralateral breast cancer and to make appropriate surgical treatment. A review of risk factors for contralateral breast cancer and the benefits of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy in patients with unilateral breast cancer is presented.