摘要目的:比较同期经腹腔镜胆囊切除术(LC)+胆道镜探查、取石+内镜引导下鼻胆管置入术(三镜联合手术)与分期经内镜逆行胰胆管造影术(ERCP)+LC(两镜手术)治疗胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2018年1月—2020年6月南京鼓楼医院肝胆胰中心同一治疗组完成的83例胆囊结石合并胆总管结石的临床资料，根据不同的手术方式将其分为三镜组( n＝42)和两镜组( n＝41)，三镜组中患者均行同期三镜联合手术(同期LC+胆道镜探查、取石+内镜引导下鼻胆管置入术)，两镜组中患者均行ERCP后择期行LC，比较两组的手术时间、术中出血量、结石一次清除率、术后排气时间、术后排便时间、住院总费用、术后急性胰腺炎发生率、术后结石复发率、术后胆管炎发生率、术后胆瘘发生率、总住院时间、术后胆管狭窄发生率。正态分布的计量资料以均数±标准差( Mean± SD)表示，组间比较采用 t检验，不符合正态分布的计量资料以 M( P25， P75)表示，组间比较采用非参数检验。计数资料组间比较采用χ 2检验。 结果:两组均无死亡病例，三镜组手术时间、术中出血量、结石一次清除率、术后排气时间、术后排便时间分别为(167.98±47.37) min、50(50, 100) mL、100%(42/42)、(2.10±0.76) d、3(3, 4) d，两镜组分别为(143.80±34.47) min、50(50, 50) mL、85.4%(35/41)、(1.53±0.99) d、2(1, 3) d，两组相比，三镜组均高于两镜组，差异有统计学意义( P<0.005)。三镜组住院总费用、术后急性胰腺炎发生率、术后结石复发率分别为(3.46±0.77) 万元、0(0/42)、2.38%(1/42)，两镜组分别为(4.22±1.50) 万元、9.8%(4/41)、19.5%(8/41)，两组相比，三镜组均低于两镜组，差异有统计学意义( P<0.05)。两组均未发生术后胆管炎及胆瘘。两组的总住院时间、术后胆管狭窄发生率相比，差异无统计学意义( P>0.05)。 结论:对于胆总管结石合并胆囊结石，同期三镜联合手术与ERCP后择期LC均安全有效，且各具优势。应该根据患者的病情，结合治疗团队的技术优势合理选择。

abstractsObjective:To compare the clinical efficacy of the Simultaneous three scopes combined surgery [laparoscopic cholecystectomy(LC)+ choledochoscopy exploration + choledochectomy and removal of the common bile duct + primary suture of the common bile duct + endoscopic guided nasobiliary duct placement] and staged two scopes surgery[endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with LC] in the treatment of choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis.Methods:From January 2018 to June 2020, we retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 83 patients with choledocholithiasis and choledocholithiasis, who underwent minimally invasive treatment in our center. According to the different surgical procedures, the patients were divided into three-mirror group ( n=42) and two-mirror group ( n=41). All patients in the three-mirror group underwent three-scopy combined surgery. The patients in two-mirror group received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) combined with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). In this study we compared the relevant clinical indicators of the two groups, in terms of the operation time, intraoperative blood loss, one-time stone clearance rate, postoperative exhaust time, postoperative defecation time, total hospitalization cost, incidence of postoperative acute pancreatitis, postoperative stone recurrence rate, incidence of postoperative cholangitis, and incidence of postoperative biliary fistula, total hospitalization time, postoperative bile duct stricture rate. Use SPSS 26.0 software to statistically analyze various indexes such as intraoperative, postoperative, follow-up, etc. Normally distributed measurement data were described by the mean±standard deviation ( Mean± SD), the comparison between groups was by t test, and measurement data with skewed distribution were destribed as M( P25, P75), Pairwise comparisons were analyzed using nonparametric test. The comparison of count data between groups was by the chi-square test. Results:No death was observed in both two groups. The operation time, intraoperative blood loss, one-time stone clearance rate, postoperative exhaust time, and postoperative defecation time of the three-mirror groupwere (167.98±47.37) min, 50(50, 100) mL, 100%(42/42), (2.10±0.76) days, 3(3, 4) days, the two-mirror group were (143.80±34.47) min, 50(50, 50) mL, 85.4%(35/41), (1.53±0.99) days and 2(1, 3) days. Compared with the two groups, the three-mirror group was higher than the two-mirror group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The total hospitalization expenses, postoperative acute pancreatitis incidence, and postoperative calculus recurrence rate in the three-mirror group were (3.46±0.77) ten thousand yuan, 0(0/42), 2.38%(1/42), the two-mirror group were (4.22±1.50) ten thousand yuan, 9.8%(4/41), 19.5%(8/41). Compared with the two groups, the three-mirror group was lower than the two-mirror group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). No postoperative cholangitis or biliary fistula occurred in the two groups. There was no statistically significant difference in the total hospital stay and incidence of postoperative bile duct stenosis between the two groups ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For choledocholithiasis combined with cholecystolithiasis patients, simultaneous three-scopes combined surgery and elective LC after ERCP are safe and effective, and each has its own advantages. It should be selected reasonably according to the patient′s condition and combined with the technical advantages of the treatment team.