摘要在哺乳动物中,有一部分特别的基因,它们由于受到印记而只表达单一亲本的基因,这种表遗传的修饰现象就是基因组印记,这与经典孟德尔遗传学定律不同,有许多的印记基因,在一亲本表达,而在另一亲本沉默.基因印记属于表遗传修饰范畴,DNA甲基化是一种重要的表遗传修饰,主要的修饰部位发生在DNA的CpG岛,它参与了细胞的分化,基因组的稳定等多种细胞生物学过程.在胚胎的发生、发展过程中印记基因的作用贯穿始终.基因组印记经历了一系列的擦除、重建与维持过程,为胚胎的发生、发展奠定了基础,基因印记对原始生殖细胞核的全能性、配子的成熟、胚胎的生长发育、胎盘的结构和功能,以及出生后个体的生长发育均有重要意义.印记基因的异常,将会对胚胎的发生以及发育产生深远的影响.该文基于国内外对印记基因的研究,结合最新的一些研究进展,就印记基因对胚胎发育的影响作了一系列综述.

abstractsIn mammals,there is a small group of special genes,which are imprinted so that only one of the parental alleles is actually expressed in particular cells,This epigenetic modification of phenomenon is named genomic imprinting,which is far different from the classic mendelian inheritance.There are a number of genes in our genomes that are subject to genomic imprinting where one parent' s copy of the gene is expressed while the other is silent.Imprinted gene belongs to the category of epigenetic.DNA Methylation plays a crucial role in various cell biological of processes such as cell differentiation,cell genomic stability and cell imprinting.The role of imprinted gene happens throughout in the embryonic process of occurrence and development.Genomic imprinting experienced a series of erasing,reconstruction and maintaining of process,what is lay foundation of occurrence and development of embryos.Genetic imprinting is important for the nucleus to totipotence of primordial germ cell,maturation of gamete,growth and development of embryo,structure and function of placenta as well as postnatal growth and development of individuals.The abnormalities of imprinted gene will produce a far-reaching influence for the development of embryos.This article base on home and abroad researches of imprinted gene and combine with the recent advance.It covers the influences of imprinted gene on the development of embryos.