摘要DNA 损伤应答（ DDR ）与修复是细胞维持基因组稳定性的主要机制。越来越多的证据表明许多非编码 RNA （ ncRNA ）在 DDR 与修复中起关键作用，参与 DDR 与修复的ncRNA 包括 miRNA、diRNAs、DDRNAs 及 lncRNA。本文侧重介绍这些 ncRNA 在 ATM／ATR 介导的 DNA 损伤应答信号传导通路及它们在各种 DNA 修复过程，特别是负责双链断裂（ DSB ）修复的同源重组修复（ HR ）及非同源末端连接（ NHEJ ）修复中的作用。接着，总结了参与 DDR与修复的 ncRNA 调控及功能的异常与多种肿瘤发生、发展及预后的相关性，最后提出揭示与DDR 相关的 RNA 结合蛋白与其相互作用的 ncRNA 的关系是今后 ncRNA 研究领域的重要方向。

abstractsDNA damage response ( DDR ) and repair is the major mechanism for maintenance of genomic stability in mammalian cells .Emerging evidence indicates non-coding RNA ( ncRNA ) , including miRNA , diRNAs , DDRNAs and lncRNAs , plays critical roles in the regulation of DDR and DNA repair . Here , we first focus on recent progress in ncRNA mediated activation of ATM and ATR signaling and the molecular mechanisms of ncRNA in DNA repair , in particular , the HR and NHEJ associated repair process .Then , we summarize the correlation between the aberrant expression and regulation of ncRNAs that are related to DDR with genome instability and genesis of various human cancers .Lastly , we propose that screening new RNA binding proteins in DDR and revealing their potential interactions with ncRNAs are an important future direction for revealing novel ncRNA species and their functions in the genome integrity .