摘要目的:探讨低磷饮食对维持性血液透析患者钙、磷代谢、皮肤瘙痒及营养状况的影响。方法:选取河南科技大学第一附属医院血液净化科2021年8月至2022年8月期间收治的87例维持性血液透析患者，以抽签法分为两组，对照组43例患者予常规饮食，观察组44例患者予低磷饮食。对比两组患者干预前、后血磷、血钙、四项目瘙痒量表(Four-Item Itch Questionnaire，FIIQ)评分、血清白蛋白、前白蛋白水平。结果:干预后观察组血磷低于对照组( t＝10.94， P<0.001)，观察组FIIQ评分中瘙痒分布部位( t＝12.70， P<0.001)、严重程度( t＝8.29， P<0.001)、频率( t＝21.85， P<0.001)、对睡眠的影响( t＝11.87， P<0.001)均低于对照组，观察组血钙( t＝3.07， P＝0.003)、白蛋白( t＝5.13， P<0.001)、前白蛋白( t＝ 4.46， P<0.001)高于对照组。 结论:低磷饮食可有效降低维持性血液透析患者皮肤瘙痒程度，改善钙、磷代谢水平和营养状况。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the effects of low-phosphorus diet on calcium, phosphorus metabolism, skin itching and nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients.Methods:A total of 87 patients with maintenance hemodialysis admitted to the Department of Blood Purification of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology from August 2021 to August 2022 were enrolled. It was divided into two groups by lottery, with 43 patients in the control group receiving a conventional diet and 44 patients in the observation group being given a low-phosphorus diet. The two groups were compared with the blood phosphorus and calcium levels, the scores of the Four Item Itch Questionnaire (FIIQ), serum albumin and prealbumin levels before and after the intervention.Results:The blood phosphorus in the post-intervention observation group was lower than that in the control group ( t=10.94, P<0.001), and the distribution of itching in the FIIQ score ( t=12.70, P<0.001), severity ( t=8.29, P<0.001), frequency ( t=21.85, P<0.001), and effect on sleep ( t=11.87, P<0.001) were lower than those in the control group, and the serum calcium ( t=3.07, P=0.003), albumin ( t=5.13, P<0.001), and prealbumin ( t=4.46, P< 0.001) were higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P< 0.05). Conclusion:Low-phosphorus diet can effectively reduce the degree of skin itching, calcium and phosphorus metabolism and nutritional status of maintenance hemodialysis patients.